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The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | 1996 | | © The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology 1996, originally published by Oxford University Press 1996. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

-ed2 repr. OE. -ede = OS. -ōdi :- Gmc. *-ōǒja-, and appended to sbs. to form adjs. denoting the possession or the presence of the thing or attribute expressed by the sb., e.g. OE. hōcede hooked (f. hōc), hringede ringed (f. hring). This suffix corresponds in function to the -tus of L. formations like caudātus tailed (f. cauda tail), aurītus eared (f. auris ear); it is now added without restriction to a sb. to form an adj. with the sense ‘provided with, characterized by’ (something), as in booted, cultured, diseased, moneyed, wooded, and notably in parasynthetic adjs., as dark-eyed, three-pronged.

In mod. Eng. and to a large extent in ME. there is no formal distinction between exx. of this suffix and ppl. adjs. in -ED1 derived ult. from sbs. through unrecorded vbs.

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