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drug addiction

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | © World Encyclopedia 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

drug addiction Psychological or physical dependence on a drug. Physical addiction is often manifested by symptoms of withdrawal. Long-term drug use often produces tolerance. Physical addiction has only been medically proven for narcotics (such as heroin), depressants (such as barbiturates or alcohol) and some stimulants (such as nicotine). Other drugs, such as hallucinogens or hashish, are not thought to be physically addictive, but can produce psychosis or paranoia. Two of the most common addictions are alcohol and nicotine, since these are easily available. Unlike narcotics, alcohol is physically harmful, especially to the brain and liver, and cigarette smoking annually accounts for more than 100,000 premature deaths in the United Kingdom alone. In comparison, addiction to ‘hard’ drugs (such as heroin or cocaine) is not common, but drug-related crime makes up a significant percentage of crime statistics in many countries.

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