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Zen

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | © World Encyclopedia 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Zen Japanese school of Buddhism, initially developed in China, where it is known as Ch'an. Instead of doctrines and scriptures, Zen stresses mind-to-mind instruction from master to disciple in order to achieve satori (awakening of Buddha-nature). There are two major Zen sects. Rinzai (introduced to Japan from China in 1191) emphasizes sudden enlightenment and meditation on paradoxical statements. The Soto sect (also brought from China, in 1227) advocates quiet meditation. In its secondary emphasis on mental tranquillity, fearlessness, and spontaneity, Zen had a great influence on Japanese art and architecture. Zen priests also inspired Japanese literature, the tea ceremony, and the No drama. In recent decades, a number of Zen groups emerged in Europe and the USA.

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