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Westphalia, Peace of

Westphalia, Peace of (1648) Series of treaties among the states involved in the Thirty Years' War. In 1642, peace negotiations began in the cities of Westphalia, leading to the final settlement. In Germany, the peace established the virtual autonomy of the German states, which diminished the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor. The peace also established the ascendancy of France, the power of Sweden in n Europe, and the decline of Spain.

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	Point: the Westphalia legacy and the modern nation-state. Magazine article from: International Social Science Review; 9/22/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...Thirty Years' War in 1648, the Peace of Westphalia is often viewed as the progenitor...Protestant Reformation, the Peace of Westphalia further weakened Papal authority...new Rome. (3) Prior to the Peace of Westphalia, most polities in Europe were... Read more
	Counterpoint: the Westphalia overstatement. Magazine article from: International Social Science Review; 9/22/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...chief claims Westphalians make is that the peace of 1648 created...established at the Peace of Augsburg in...concluded at Westphalia provided a measure...Augsburg and Westphalia were based on...of Christian peace, which references... Read more
	Policy point-counterpoint: is Westphalia history? Magazine article from: International Social Science Review; 9/22/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...state identity, they argue, Westphalia was part of a long-term...convey. Historians view Westphalia quite differently. The Treaty of Westphalia itself was not the only agreement concluded at the peace negotiations held in the...called the Settlement of Westphalia. Many of the precepts ... Read more
	Peace versus justice; negotiating forward- and backward-looking outcomes.(POLITICAL SCIENCE)(Brief Article)(Book Review) Magazine article from: Reference & Research Book News; 8/1/2005; 227 words ; JZ6045 2004-028743 0-7425-3629-7 Peace versus justice; negotiating forward- and backward-looking...recurrence. The papers provide historical case studies of the Peace of Westphalia, the Congress of Vienna, the Austrian State Treaty, the Dayton... Read more
	A Papier-Mache Fortress. (Books).('The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace, and the Course of History')(Book Review) Magazine article from: The National Interest; 12/22/2002; ; 700+ words ; Philip Bobbitt, The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace, and the Course of History (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002...particular constitutional order to primacy. Plate 3 lists the peace treaties that end epochal wars [and] ratify a particular constitutional order for the society of states -- Augsburg, ... Read more
	Europe Adrift. Magazine article from: Washington Monthly; 9/1/1997; ; 620 words ; ...today has broken with the past more completely than at any time since the end of the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, claims John Newhouse, one of this country's shrewdest observers of the old continent. But this break with... Read more
	"Old" Europe shows new media art.(19th European Media Arts Festival) Magazine article from: Afterimage; 9/1/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...MEDIA ART FESTIVAL (EMAF) OSNABRUCK, GERMANY MAY 10-14, 2006 Peace, freedom, and self-determination were among the themes at...Osnabruck was one of the two original signing places of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648--a historic treaty that, because it ended the Thirty...recently selected as the seat of ... Read more
	A brief history of the UN. Magazine article from: New Internationalist; 1/1/2005; 700+ words ; ...them was first set out at the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. It was developed by...In 1899 an International Peace Conference was held in The...began work in 1902. War means peace Nonetheless, in 1914 the Great...cooperation and to achieve peace and security'. Though US President... Read more
	Why America is different: no matter who wins the 2004 presidential contest, serious tensions with the United Nations will persist. Magazine article from: The International Economy; 1/1/2004; ; 700+ words ; ...the principle of the 1648 Peace of Westphalia which asserts that sovereignty...law inherited from the 1648 Peace of Westphalia to which the United States...the governed. True, the 1648 Peace of Westphalia asserted this supremacy of... Read more
	Just War Thinking: Morality and Pragmatism in the Struggle Against Contemporary Threats. Magazine article from: Parameters; 9/22/2008; 700+ words ; ...tradition of Just War in recent centuries (at least since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648) reflects a particular arrangement of international...US Catholic bishops issued their document, The Challenge of Peace, in the 1980s. There they develop a view that Just War starts... Read more

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	Westphalia, Peace of (1648) Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World WESTPHALIA, PEACE OF (1648) WESTPHALIA, PEACE OF (1648). The Treaties of M ü nster and Osnabr ü...ended the Thirty Years' War, are known collectively as the Peace of Westphalia. The main obstacles to a general peace in Germany after 1635... Read more
	Westphalia, Peace of Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Westphalia, Peace of (1648). Two treaties which ended the Thirty Years War (q.v.). Read more
	Peace of Westphalia Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...independent Netherlands. Earlier endeavors to bring about a general peace had been unsuccessful. The compact known as the Peace of Prague (May, 1635) marked a step in the direction of peace and signaled the belief of the Protestant powers that the Swedish... Read more
	Westphalia, Treaty of Book article from: The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable Westphalia, Treaty of the peace accord (1648) which ended the Thirty Years War , signed simultaneously in Osnabrück and Münster. Read more
	Augsburg, Religious Peace of (1555) Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World ...Golden Bull of 1356 and the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. These three laws...with modifications by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The Peace transferred...Peace remained unsettled. The Peace of Westphalia, a pair of treaties that ended... Read more

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