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Thomson, Sir Joseph John

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | © World Encyclopedia 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856–1940) British physicist, father of George Thomson, b. Belfast. He succeeded James Clerk Maxwell as professor of experimental physics (1884–1919) at Cambridge. Thomson's discovery (1897) of the electron is regarded as the birth of particle physics. He received the 1906 Nobel Prize in physics for his investigations into the electrical conductivity of gases. Thomson and Francis Aston produced evidence of isotopes of neon. He transformed the Cavendish Laboratory into a major centre for atomic research, attracting scientists like Ernest Rutherford. Thomson served as president (1915–20) of the Royal Society.

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