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soviet
Soviet Union
Soviet Union (officially Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR) Former federal republic, successor to the Russian Empire and the world's first communist state. The Soviet Union formed on December 30, 1922 and, when dissolved on December 31, 1991, was the largest country in the world. The
Bolshevik regime, led by
Lenin, came to power in the
Russian Revolution (1917). Lenin's government survived civil war (1918–22) and famine by instituting a centralized command economy. In 1921, the New Economic Policy
(NEP) marked a return to a mixed economy. In 1922, the republics of
Russia,
Ukraine, Belorussia, and Transcaucasia signed a treaty of union. In 1923, a new constitution was adopted establishing the supremacy of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), and the Supreme Soviet as the highest legislative body. Lenin died in January 1924, and a power struggle ensued between Leon
Trotsky and Joseph
Stalin. Stalin emerged the victor, and Trotsky was expelled in 1927.
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Soviets Seen Set to Quit Afghanistan; Ninth Anniversary Of Invasion Observed
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 12/28/1988; ; 700+ words
; ...be used to withdraw Soviet troops in return for Soviet restraint." Armacost said, however, that the Soviets have been "unrestrained...call into question the Soviet commitment to a peaceful...Despite chiding the Soviets for continuing "offensive...
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Soviets Said to Plan Major Military Cut; Gorbachev May Announce Move
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 12/7/1988; ; 700+ words
; The Soviet Union's ruling Politburo has decided to order a major cut in Soviet armed forces that may be announced at the United Nations Wednesday by Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, authoritative Soviet sources said today. An official in...
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Soviets Bolstering Afghanistan Ties; Moves Seem to Guarantee Influence After War Ends
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 5/13/1987; ; 700+ words
; ...costs for the 9,000 Soviet civilian advisers. The Soviets are also seeking to...Kabul. Some of the Soviet presence also undoubtedly...infrastructure, including Soviets seen in Afghan leader...parade. But much of the Soviet activity is devoted...
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Soviets Fire Back On Rights; Kremlin Says U.S. Has Own Problems
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 4/20/1987; ; 700+ words
; ...allowed to come to the Soviet Union for medical care...been championed by the Soviets. One senior American diplomat called the Soviet tactic "nonsense...of Congress and Supreme Soviet deputies, Soviets raised examples of racism...
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Soviets Display Devices Of Alleged `Spy Mania'; Spokesman Denounces `Revolting' Tactics
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 4/10/1987; ; 700+ words
; ...devices allegedly taken from the Soviet Consulate building in New...and residential quarters for Soviet employes of the United Nations...Eavesdropping equipment that the Soviets said was uncovered in buildings of the Soviet Consulate in San Francisco...
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Soviets Rebuff Poles on Troop Pullout; With Hard-Liners Ascendant, Moscow Says Withdrawal Will Take Three Years
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 2/13/1991; ; 700+ words
; ...President Lech Walesa, a senior Soviet diplomat said withdrawal of...1994, in part because the Soviet Union had no place to house...It was the first time the Soviets have spelled out exactly how...countries and dissolve the Soviet-dominated Warsaw Pact military...
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Soviets Complete Pullout From War in Afghanistan; Moscow Reiterates Call for Arms Cutoff
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 2/16/1989; ; 700+ words
; The Soviet Union pulled its last troops out of Afghanistan today...West relations and cost the lives of nearly 15,000 Soviet soldiers. Lt. Gen. Boris Gromov, 45, the Soviet Union's last military commander in Afghanistan, crossed...
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Soviets Cut Technical, Trade Help to Cuba;Moscow Calls Civilian Technicians Home, Demands Full Price for Oil
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 1/27/1991; ; 700+ words
; ...When {former Soviet foreign minister...said one envoy. The Soviets have reduced their...that in 1985 the Soviets also had a 2,800...said, some 2,100 Soviet technicians were...agreed to supply the Soviet Union with 4 million...trade ratio for the Soviets. In exchange for...
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Soviets Open Huge Trade Show in New York By Inviting U.S. Business to Their Country
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 12/9/1988; ; 700+ words
; ...allowing managers of Soviet enterprises to deal...requiring that the Soviets hold a majority ownership...concentrates to the Soviets in exchange for Stolichnaya...the signing, the Soviet shipping ministry...with a model of a Soviet ship. Verity said...wondered "if the Soviets ...
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Soviets, Afghans Signing Local Economic Pacts; U.S. Analysts Split on Implications for Pullout
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 2/7/1988; ; 700+ words
; ...citing continuing Soviet military construction...evidence that the Soviets are digging in deeper...Afghanistan that the Soviets are preparing to...and they note that Soviet military deliveries...technical agreements the Soviets are signing with...The accords involve Soviet material ...
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Soviet
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Russian History
...suppressed in 1905, the soviets reappeared in nearly...of 1917. With the soviet in Petrograd setting...initially based on soviets, and the state structure...For most of the Soviet era, the Supreme...communist party of the soviet union; february...1974). The Soviets: The Russian ...
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Soviet-Finnish War
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Russian History
SOVIET-FINNISH WAR The Soviet-Finnish War of 1939 – 1940, which lasted 103 days and is commonly known as the "Winter War," had its origins in the Nazi-Soviet Pact of August 23, 1939. The secret protocols of that non-aggression...
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Afghanistan: Soviet Intervention in
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
...In mid-1979, the Soviets sought the removal of...people into rebellion. Soviet President Leonid I...missiles curtailed the Soviet advantage of air power...the resistance as the Soviets lost heart. Non-aligned...United Nations against the Soviet troop presence in Afghanistan...
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German–Soviet war
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to World War II
German–Soviet war For a more detailed discussion of...six months of the German–Soviet war, see BARBAROSSA . For the contributions...see Blue Division , Finnish–Soviet war ( ad fin ), Hungary , 5, Italy...
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Defectors, Soviet Era
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Russian History
...CIA operations against the Soviet Union. Another controversial...Alexander Orlov, an agent of the Soviet NKVD, who defected to Spain...that he remained loyal to the Soviets. When high-ranking KGB officer...away and re-defected to the Soviet Union, the case was highly...
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