French and Indian Wars

French and Indian Wars (1689–1763) Collective name for four colonial wars in North America, fought between Great Britain and France with Native American nations fighting on both sides. The aim of the wars in North America was for control of the e part of the continent, with ports and forts that controlled trade to the Old World. King William's War (1689–97) ended inconclusively. Queen Anne's War (1702–13) corresponds to the War of the Spanish Succession in Europe. Britain gained Newfoundland, Acadia and Hudson Bay. King George's War (1744–48) grew out of the War of the Austrian Succession. It ended inconclusively. The French and Indian War (1754–63) was the most significant conflict, forming part of the Seven Years' War. British efforts (1754–55) to capture French forts in w America were unsuccessful. After 1756, British resources improved, and forts at Louisburg and Duquesne (1758) were captured. Ticonderoga fell in 1759. In the battle for Québec on the Plains of Abraham (1759), both the French and English generals, Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and James Wolfe, were killed, but Britain emerged victorious. In 1760, the British captured Montréal. The Treaty of Paris (1763) established British control of Canada.