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Charles XII
Charles XII
Charles XII (1682–1718) King of Sweden (1697–1718). His father, Charles XI, trained him in all aspects of administration, and he became king when 14 years old. Charles XII was one of the greatest military leaders in European history. He defeated Denmark, Poland, Saxony and Russia in a series of brilliant campaigns. Leading the troops, he destroyed the army of
Peter I (the Great) at Narva (1700). In 1708 he renewed his assault on Russia, but his army, depleted by the severe winter, was decisively defeated at Poltava (1709). He fled to the Ottomans and persuaded the Sultan to attack Russia (1711). The Sultan turned against him and, in disguise, he escaped back to Sweden and devoted his energy to the domestic economy. Weakened by war and opposed by many enemies, he was killed, while fighting in Norway, and succeeded by his sister, Ulrica Eleanora.
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From Oxenstierna to Charles XII: Four Studies.
Magazine article from: Scandinavian Studies; 3/22/1993; ; 700+ words
; ...Michael Roberts. From Oxenstierna to Charles XII: Four Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge...against Russia, merely begin what Charles XII attempted to complete? Roberts...debate concerning the causes of Charles XII's death in 1718. Roberts re...
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Tipping Point at Poltava: in 1709, after nine years of fighting, Peter the Great destroyed archrival Charles XII's tough Swedish army--marking the rise of modern Russia.(Event overview)
Magazine article from: Military History; 6/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...his saddle. Carried to safety, Charles XII, Europe's most feared warrior...1697, his 14-year-old son, Charles XII, sought to reaffirm Sweden's...underestimation of the youthful Charles XII ranks as one of history's great...
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Who killed King Charles?(investigation of King Charles XII's death)(Brief article)
Magazine article from: History Today; 4/1/2008; 493 words
; Scientists in Sweden hope to exhume the body of King Charles XII to determine if he was killed by one of his own soldiers in 1718. Researchers from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm...
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Charles River Ventures Closes Its Twelfth Fund at $250 Million; CRP XII to Finance Growth of High-Potential Technology Companies.
Business Wire; 2/17/2004; 577 words
; ...Feb. 17, 2004 Charles River Ventures (CRV...announced the closing of Charles River Partnership XII, LP, a $250 million...forward to deploying CRP XII for the continued success...and our firm." About Charles River Ventures Founded...
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Was Pius XII really 'Hitler's pope'?
Newspaper article from: Jerusalem Post; 6/6/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...Post 06-06-2006 Headline: Was Pius XII really 'Hitler's pope'? Byline: DIMITRI...controversy over the actions of Pope Pius XII during the Holocaust. Although some Jewish...and Catholic writers often condemn Pius XII today, the wartime Jewish press had a favorable...
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Change followed Pius XII, so it could happen again.(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: National Catholic Reporter; 4/2/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...conservative thereafter. Pius XII condemned the so-called "new...women's ordination. Like Pius XII, who ordered theologians in...prominent theologians, Hans Kung and Charles Curran, and excommunicated another...their official writings. Pius XII published over 30 encyclicals...
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A new look at views of Pius XII Before he was pope, he criticized Nazis
Newspaper article from: International Herald Tribune; 9/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...the man who became Pope Pius XII was not a Nazi sympathizer...explained or exonerated Pius XII's inaction in the face of the...The documents were described by Charles Gallagher, a Jesuit historian...obscure papal diplomat. Pope Pius XII's record has been under scrutiny...
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Pope Pius XII was no friend of the Jews.(Commentary)(Editorials)(Letters)
Newspaper article from: The Washington Times; 10/6/1999; 590 words
; ...Pacelli (later known as Pope Pius XII) became an ardent Germanophile...South America. While Pope Pius XII and his supporters have argued...Semitic diatribes by Father Charles Coughlin in the United States...possible elevation of Pope Pius XII to sainthood, is the ultimate...
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Vatican Secret Diplomacy: Joseph P. Hurley and Pope Pius XII.(Book review)
Magazine article from: Journal of Church and State; 9/22/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...Joseph P. Hurley and Pope Pius XII. By Charles R. Gallagher, S.J. New Haven...about Archbishop Hurley than Pius XII. It tells a fascinating story, constructed...Hurley worked in Rome with Pius XII, a career diplomat often criticized...
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Pius XII voiced anti-Nazi views
Newspaper article from: The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; 8/22/2003; 517 words
; Pius XII voiced anti-Nazi views, report...2003 Vatican City -- Pope Pius XII, accused by some historians...to Britain from 1938-'40. Charles R. Gallagher, a Jesuit who...Pacelli, who became Pope Pius XII in 1939 a few months before the...
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Charles XII
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
Charles XII Charles XII (1682-1718) was king of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. A famous warrior king, he led his country during the Northern War. The son of Charles XI and Ulrica Leonora, daughter of Frederick III of Denmark, Charles XII was...
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Charles XII (Sweden) (1682–1718; Ruled 1697–1718)
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
CHARLES XII (SWEDEN) (1682 – 1718; ruled 1697 – 1718) CHARLES XII (SWEDEN) (1682 – 1718; ruled...x2013; 1721) consumed the rest of Charles XII's life. It became his obsession, and...
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Louis XII
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...repose. The son of Charles, Duc d'Orl...of Cleves, Louis XII was born on June...the monarchy. Like Charles VIII, Louis XII reorganized and reformed...tenuous claim of Charles VIII to Naples, which Louis XII inherited, Louis...
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Louis XII (France) (Born 1462–1515; Ruled 1498–1515)
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
LOUIS XII (FRANCE) (born 1462...1498 – 1515) LOUIS XII (FRANCE) (born 1462...of France. The only son of Charles of Orl é ans and Mary...was the great-grandson of Charles VI (ruled 1380 –...
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Charles VIII (France) (1470–1498, Ruled 1483–1498)
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
...including the noted Fra Giacondo. Charles and Anne had three children...xE9; ans, who became Louis XII. See also Anne of Brittany...1494 – 1559) ; Louis XII (France) ; Naples, Kingdom...France that includes the time of Charles
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