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Byzantine art and architecture

World Encyclopedia

Byzantine art and architecture Art produced in the Byzantine empire e of the Balkans. Its greatest achievements fall within three periods. The first Golden Age coincided with the reign of Justinian I (527–65), and saw the construction of the Hagia Sophia. The second Golden Age refers to the artistic revival that occurred during the time of the Macedonian emperors (867–1057), and which followed the terrible destruction caused by the Iconoclastic Controversy. Finally, the last years of the empire, under the rule of the Palaeologs (1261–1453), are often referred to as the Byzantine Renaissance. Most Byzantine art was religious in subject matter and combined Christian imagery with an oriental expressive style. The mosaic and icon were the most common forms. Byzantine church architecture is typically central rather than longitudinal, and the central dome (surrounded by groupings of smaller or semi-domes) is supported by means of pendentives. Construction is of brick arranged in decorative patterns and mortar. Interiors are faced with marble slabs, coloured glass mosaics, gold leaf, and fresco decoration.

http://www.guideistanbul.net/sultanahmet.htm; http://www.culture.gr

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© World Encyclopedia 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005.

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