oxygen-isotope ratio
oxygen-isotope ratio (18O: 16O ratio) The abundance ratio between two of the three
isotopes of oxygen. They have similar chemical properties because they have the same electronic structure, but because of the differences in mass between their nuclei they have different vibrational frequencies which cause them to behave slightly differently in physico-chemical reactions. These differences can provide information, e.g. regarding the source of water in a past environment or the temperature at which various interactions have taken place. For example, surface waters vary in their oxygen isotopes; light water (H
216O) has a higher
vapour pressure than H
218O, and therefore is concentrated by evaporation so that fresh water and polar ice are light but sea water is heavy. CaCO
3 or SiO
2 are richer in the heavier isotope when precipitated from sea water than when precipitated from fresh water. Moreover, because of meteorological cycles of evaporation/condensation, there is a steady depletion of
18O in sea water towards the poles. See also
ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; and
OXYGEN-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS.
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Paul between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years
Magazine article from: The Catholic Biblical Quarterly; 10/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...MARTIN HENGEL and ANNA MARIA SCHWEMER, Paul between Damascus and Antioch: The Unknown Years (trans. John Bowden; Louisville: Westminster John...Hengel's book The Pre-Christian Paul (in collaboration with Roland Deines...
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Paul: A Jew on the Margins
Magazine article from: Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society; 12/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; Paul: A Jew on the Margins. By Calvin...Roetzel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2003, xii + 116 pp., $14.95 paper. In Paul, A Jew on the Margins Calvin Roetzel...to highlight the significance of Paul's status as one who lived on...
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Paul Has Long Drawn Support from Unlikely Places
Transcript from: NPR Weekend All Things Considered; 10/7/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul announced that Paul had raised $5 million over the last three months. That's on par with Senator John McCain and what he raised in the last quarter. Ron Paul has become the rage of the blogosphere...
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Paul Is Here, and the RNC Isn't Happy; Amid Questions of His Book's Authorship, He Hosts 'Counterconvention'
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 9/2/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...interview with The Post on Friday. Paul said he organized his counterconvention...to address their convention. Paul said the RNC has also limited...party. He is not supporting John McCain's candidacy, but he...intended to obstruct or complain," Paul said. "It's also to make...
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Paul and the Stoics
Magazine article from: The Catholic Biblical Quarterly; 10/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; TROELS ENGBERG-PEDERSEN, Paul and the Stoics (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2000). Pp. xi + 435...of ideas that all students of Paul should read. E.-P examines two fundamental problems-whether Paul's ideas in his extant letters...
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Paul to visit PSU
News Wire article from: University Wire; 3/26/2008; ; 700 words
; ...College Libertarians, said Paul's campaign has been...have been distributed. Paul would be in the best position...Republican nomination if Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz...ignore it and think that John McCain is a shoo-in...of reasons." One of Paul's strong positions is...
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Paul in Chains: Roman Imprisonment and the Letters of St. Paul
Magazine article from: The Catholic Biblical Quarterly; 10/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...Imprisonment and the Letters of St. Paul (New York: Crossroad, 2001...the Acts of the Apostles, and John's Gospel, where he concentrates...and the evangelists Luke and John. Now he attempts a similar interpretation of Paul's letters, beginning it by...
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Paul's Epistolary Presence in Corinth: A New Look at Robert W. Funk's Apostolic Parousia
Magazine article from: The Catholic Biblical Quarterly; 7/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...examples of the tendency to cast Paul's letters in general conformity...of the rhetorical function of Paul's correspondence to that of...Regarding the first point, John L. White, David E. Aune...Doty have found a place for Paul's letters within traditional...
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Paul takes a first at Cambridge.("The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul")(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Biblical Theology Bulletin; 6/22/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...all by itself. The essays on Paul's life and missionary career...as a source for the historical Paul. The relationship between Acts...allowed in a summary treatment of Paul's life. Nevertheless, one...expected the influence of Dibelius, John Knox, Bornkamm, Conzelmann...
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Paul-A Jew on the Margins
Magazine article from: Interpretation; 7/1/2004; ; 684 words
; Paul-A Jew on the Margins by Calvin J. Roetzel Westminster John Knox, Louisville, 2003. 116...concern "with issues related to Paul's life on the margin" (p...term "marginality" to describe Paul's religious and cultural alienation...
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Robeson, Paul
Dictionary entry from: International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers
...articles— Hutchens, John K., "Paul Robeson," in Theatre Arts...1950. Rowan, Carl T., "Has Paul Robeson Betrayed the Negro...Chicago), October 1957. Pittman, John, "Mount Paul," in New World Review, February...
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Paul II
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...imprisoned and tortured. In 1468 Paul took action against the Roman...Roman children. Nevertheless Paul was a collector of ancient art...Czech theologian and reformer John Hus. Podiebrad's apologist...Heimberg, subsequently accused Paul of immorality; a move that resulted...
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Saint Paul: History
Encyclopedia entry from: Cities of the United States
...envisioned his adopted city of Saint Paul as the base for an empire in the...The other major influence on Saint Paul's development was Catholic Archbishop John Ireland, a native of Ireland who settled in Saint Paul at the age of fourteen and, as...
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Saint Paul: Communications
Encyclopedia entry from: Cities of the United States
...Library home page. Available www.st.paul.lib.mn.us Selected Bibliography...Scribner's Sons, 1935) MacCabee, Paul, John Dillinger Slept Here: A Crooks' Tour of Crime and Corruption in St. Paul, 1920-1926 (Minnesota Historical...
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Tall, Paul
Book article from: Contemporary Musicians
...minute, an acceleration that Tall Paul wasn’t ready to match...dancing, club-going fans, Tall Paul has received positive notice...wondrous,” and John Bush of All Music Guide calls...more enthusiastic, calling Tall Paul “one of the best party...
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