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isotope
isotope
isotope One of two or more varieties of a chemical element whose atoms have a common number of protons and electrons (i.e. their atomic number is the same) but which vary in the number of neutrons in their nucleus (i.e. their atomic weight, signified by their mass number, is different). For example, hydrogen exists in the forms
11H (one proton, no neutron),
21H (deuterium: one proton, one neutron), and
31H (tritium: one proton, 2 neutrons). Water in which
21H replaces the more common
11H is known as ‘heavy water’. There are 300 naturally occurring isotopes, but only 92 naturally occurring elements, and in nature elements often occur as a mixture of isotopes, with one form being the most common. Isotopes may be produced by various nuclear reactions and the products are frequently radioactive. There are three different ways of specifying an isotope; for example
235U, U-235, and uranium 235 all indicate the isotope of uranium with a mass number of 235. See also
ISOTOPIC DATING.
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Isotope hydrology research in Canada, 2003-2007.(Report)
Magazine article from: Canadian Water Resources Journal; 6/22/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...extensively on solute isotopes, namely carbon, nitrogen...Canadian progress in isotope hydrology that included...Groundwater Studies The stable isotope labeling of different...major application of isotope techniques in runoff...showed the application of isotopes for partitioning surface...
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Isotope vulnerability imperils R&D. (research and development)
Magazine article from: Science News; 8/1/1992; ; 700+ words
; ...such an important isotope. Indeed, the United...reliance on foreign isotopes is only growing...accelerator-produced isotopes." "If a federal...bankrupt, the DOE's isotope program would be...reassessed." Many isotope users agree. Federal...the production of isotopes. The result "has...
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Sulfur isotope analysis for the identification of sulfur sources.
Magazine article from: The Mineralogical Record; 3/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...During chemical reactions, the two isotopes will therefore behave slightly differently...incorporate preferentially the heavier isotope, so that the crystals are enriched...1987). This fractionation of isotopes results in different sources and...
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Amazon isotope discovery should sharpen climate predictions.(Research)
Magazine article from: Ecos; 4/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...common [H.sub.2]O isotope. With an understanding...these heavier water isotopes into the atmosphere...were able to compare isotope readings in the earlier...programme data with isotope recordings in rainfall...levels of the heavy isotopes falling from the atmosphere...
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Sulfur isotope analysis for the indentification of sulfur sources
Magazine article from: Mineralogical Record; 3/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...During chemical reactions, the two isotopes will therefore behave slightly differently...incorporate preferentially the heavier isotope, so that the crystals are enriched...1987). This fractionation of isotopes results in different sources and...
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International Isotopes' Expertise Complemented by Several Strategic Alliances
PR Newswire; 10/15/1997; 700+ words
; ...for production of research isotopes for other customers. The University...treatment of cancer. International Isotopes has also entered into a joint...assurance of the chemical and isotope content of enriched stable isotopes. The isotopic purity may be...
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Wanted: Medical Isotopes.
Magazine article from: Science News; 10/23/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...research on therapeutic isotopes has burgeoned at a time...For some short-lived isotopes, no source remains...panel exploring the isotope-availability problem...SCIENCE NEWS that the isotope-availability picture...access to unconventional isotopes. Unreliable supplies...
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Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science.
Magazine article from: Ecology; 7/1/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...overview of stable isotope techniques and applications...publication of Stable isotopes in ecological research...available in carbon isotope analyses. More recently, Stable isotopes and plant carbon...synthesis of stable isotope application in ecological...Michener, Stable isotopes ...
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MEDICAL ISOTOPES:STEVEN M. LARSON, M.D.
Transcript from: Congressional Testimony; 9/9/2009; 700+ words
; ...production of medical isotopes. The study request...HEU for medical isotope production, and...Germany for medical isotope production. The...supply of medical isotopes drove much of the...nuclear medicine isotope supply to healthcare...produced medical isotopes would also be ...
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 "The Record (Kitchener, Ontario)")
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Isotope shortage could delay tests.(FRONT)
Newspaper article from: The Record (Kitchener, Ontario); 5/20/2009; 700+ words
; ...ago. That type of isotope is more technologically...also inject fewer isotopes into patients...prolonged shortage of isotopes. Clement, now...to deal with the isotope shortage. "We...supply of medical isotopes is a global issue...engaging international isotope producers as well...
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isotope geochemistry
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
...addition of radiogenic isotopes to a reservoir. Isotope variations can also arise...isotope studies and stable isotope studies. Radiogenic isotopes There are many natural...special geological interest Isotopes Isotope ratios Notation 1 H...
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Isotope
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...names, both isotopes of hydrogen. The stable isotope 2 H is known...the radioactive isotope 3 H is called tritium. Because isotopes of the same element...that the word isotope is commonly used...as if stable isotopes did not exist...
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Isotopes: Applications in Natural Waters
Book article from: Water:Science and Issues
Isotopes: Applications in Natural...aided significantly by isotope chemistry. The origin...respectively), are all isotopes of oxygen. The term isotope is applied to any atom...mass). Because the isotopes have the same chemical...
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isotope
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...radioactivity; the first stable isotope (of neon) was discovered...Thomson. The nuclei of isotopes contain identical numbers...to separate different isotopes of the same element...nuclear properties, the isotopes thus separated have...the highly fissionable isotope uranium-235 must be...
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isotope fractionation
Book article from: A Dictionary of Earth Sciences
isotope fractionation The separation of isotopes of an element during naturally...chemical properties of the isotopes of an element are the...energy of the lighter isotope. Separation (fractionation) of isotopes will occur during such...
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