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Time Scales

A Dictionary of Earth Sciences | 1999 | | Â© A Dictionary of Earth Sciences 1999, originally published by Oxford University Press 1999. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Time Scales

Geologic Time‐Scale

Eon/Eonothem	Era/Erathem	Sub‐era	Period/System	Epoch/Series	Starting Ma
PHANEROZOIC	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistogene	Holocene	0.01
				Pleistocene	1.8
		Tertiary	Neogene	Pliocene	5.2
				Miocene	23.3
			Palaeogene	Oligocene	35.4
				Eocene	56.5
				Palaeocene	65
	Mesozoic		Cretaceous		145.6
			Jurassic		208
			Triassic		245
	Palaeozoic	Upper Palaeozoic	Permian		290
			Carboniferous		362.5
			Devonian		408.5
		Lower Palaeozoic	Silurian		439
			Ordovician		510
			Cambrian		570
PROTEROZOIC PRECAMBRIAN					2500
ARCHAEAN					4000
PRISCOAN					4600
(After Harland et al., 1989)

Geologic Time‐Scale

Eon/Eonothem	Era/Erathem	Sub‐era	Period/System	Epoch/Series	Starting Ma
PHANEROZOIC	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistogene	Holocene	0.01
				Pleistocene	1.64
		Tertiary	Neogene	Pliocene	5.2
				Miocene	23.3
			Palaeogene	Oligocene	35.4
				Eocene	56.5
				Palaeocene	65
	Mesozoic		Cretaceous		145.6
			Jurassic		208
			Triassic		245
	Palaeozoic	Upper Palaeozoic	Permian		290
			Carboniferous		362.5
			Devonian		408.5
		Lower Palaeozoic	Silurian		439
			Ordovician		510
			Cambrian		570
PROTEROZOIC PRECAMBRIAN					2500
ARCHAEAN					4000
PRISCOAN					4600
(After Harland et al., 1989)

Lunar Time‐Scale

Stratigraphic mapping of the lunar surface has established the following Systems, in order of increasing age:
System	Events
The crystallization of the anorthositic lunar highland crust has been dated at 4.44 billion years. This event closely followed the formation of the Moon. Note that the term ‘Procellarum System’, to encompass the main period of mare lava flooding, has been abandoned.
Copernican	Young ray craters (younger than about one billion years)
Eratosthenian	Older post‐mare craters (about 1–3 billion years)
Imbrian	Main mare basalt flooding, preceded by formation of the Imbrium and Orientale basins (3–3.85 billion years)
Pre‐Imbrian: Nectarian	Formation of 11 major impact basins preceded by the Nectaris basin (3.85–3.92 billion years)
Pre‐Nectarian	Formation of about 30 impact basins preceded by the Procellarum basin (before 3.92–4.2? billion years)

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AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "Time Scales." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "Time Scales." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Encyclopedia.com. (December 1, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-TimeScales.html

AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY. "Time Scales." A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. 1999. Retrieved December 01, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-TimeScales.html

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