implantation
The Oxford Companion to the Body
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2001
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© The Oxford Companion to the Body 2001, originally published by Oxford University Press 2001. (Hide copyright information)
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implantation of an
embryo into the lining of the
uterus occurs a week or so after an ovum has been fertilized in one of the
Fallopian tubes. The uterine lining has been routinely prepared to receive it in the second half of the
menstrual cycle, but the mother's body does not ‘know’ that there is an embryo on the way until it has become embedded and can send hormonal signals via the maternal blood to the
ovary whence its ovum came. This
chorionic gonadotrophin makes the ovary continue to secrete
progesterone, which in turn, via the blood, makes the uterus maintain its welcoming lining, avoiding the catastrophe (for an embryo) of
menstruation. The embryo implants itself by passing though the outer cellular layer of the uterine lining, assisted by chemicals which it secretes. At this stage it is more or less spherical and covered with villi (frond-like protrusions); these provide a large surface area for exchange of gases, nutrients, water and waste with the maternal blood.
Stuart Judge
See
pregnancy.
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