Randolph, A. Philip
The Oxford Companion to American Military History
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2000
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© The Oxford Companion to American Military History 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information)
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Randolph, A. Philip (1889–1979), labor and civil rights leader.Born the son of a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Randolph was raised in Jacksonville, Florida. Graduating from Cookman Institute in 1911, he moved to New York's Harlem, working and attending City College. In response to increasing segregation and discrimination against blacks, Randolph shunned moderate reform and racial integration, as advocated by W. E. B.
Du Bois, and emphasized instead socialism and trade unionism. In 1917, he founded and co‐edited the
Messenger, a radical monthly magazine, which campaigned against lynching, opposed U.S. participation in World War I, urged African Americans to resist being drafted to fight for a segregated society, and recommended that they join radical unions. In 1918,
Woodrow Wilson's postmaster general, Albert Burleson, revoked the
Messenger's second‐class mailing privileges.
During the interwar years, Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Union. In 1941, when blacks were excluded from many defense industry jobs as the United States prepared for World War II, Randolph threatened a mass protest march on Washington. The demonstration was called off when President
Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order (25 June 1941), establishing the Fair Employment Practices Committee to try to prevent such racial discrimination. In 1948, Randolph's advice helped convince President
Harry S. Truman to issue an executive order banning racial segregation in the military.
[See also
African Americans in the Military.]
Bibliography
Jarvis Anderson , A. Philip Randolph: A Biographical Portrait, 1973.
Paula F. A. Pfeffer , A. Philip Randolph: Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement, 1990.
Clement Alexander Price
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 "Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland)")
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Bitter demise of Angostura.(News)
Newspaper article from: Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland); 11/7/2009; 357 words
; ...i n Ve n e z u e l a , Angostura bitters are made from a secret recipe of herbs, barks, roots, spices and rum...theManhattan. But makers House of Angostura, in Trinidad and Tobago...Sepe, of distributors Angostura USA, said: "You can...
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Aperitifs, Digestifs: Bitters-Sweet Joy
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 4/19/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...the whole list sounds pretty familiar. Angostura bark, not surprisingly, is the main flavoring in angostura bitters, best known these days as the...champagne cocktails. (Back in 1830, Angostura was the name of what is now Ciudad Bolivar...
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Bitters' (new) harvest.
Magazine article from: Art Culinaire; 6/22/2006; 700+ words
; ...potent mixtures of roots, barks, flowers, fruit peels and...in their flavor profiles. Angostura[R], perhaps the most recognizable...military hospital in the town of Angostura, and in that capacity, he...Club[R], Cruzan[R] and Angostura[R] labels. At roughly the...
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Mad dash: bitters--both commercial and house-made--define classic cocktails and inspire new libations as today's mixologists embrace this age-old ingredient.
Magazine article from: Cheers; 3/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...a wedge of lemon soaked in Angostura and covered in sugar. In...steeping herbs, spices and barks in neutral grain alcohol...cinnamon, gentian, quinine bark, turmeric, caraway, coriander...once again routinely stock Angostura and Peychaud's, the two...along with Peychaud's, Angostura and ...
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Holi hangover? Shake that off...
News Wire article from: The Hindustan Times; 3/23/2008; 452 words
; ...traditional potion that cures a hangover is 'Angostura Bitter' says Shubham Sharma, the Aqua...said. The solution is taken from a tree bark (Shubham's trade secret), which then...stir it to a perfect mixture. While the Angostura Bitter gives you that much needed relief...
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Marvelous Mocktails: ; Raise your glass gladly with tasty faux spirits Additional recipes are on Page 2D
Newspaper article from: Sunday Gazette-Mail; 12/6/2000; 700+ words
; ...Sparkler 1 small sugar cube Several drops angostura bitters Sparkling nonalcoholic apple cider, chilled Cook's notes: Angostura bitters are sold in the liquor section...They are a distillation of herbs, barks, roots and plants; they contain...
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Food: The island of Trinidad has a fusion of cuisines, from Asian to European to African - brought together with unique Caribbean flair, and served up with liberal helpings of pepper sauce
Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 11/17/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...flavours. The bitter-sweet taste of moaby bark, for example, infused into a refreshing...splashed with the locally made aromatic Angostura bitters. Gradually, the bitterness of...Trini" could live without, although Angostura bitters and Maggi's seasoning sachets...
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Marvelous Mocktails recipes
Newspaper article from: Sunday Gazette-Mail; 12/6/2000; 552 words
; ...Sparkler 1 small sugar cube Several drops angostura bitters Sparkling nonalcoholic apple cider, chilled Cook's notes: Angostura bitters are sold in the liquor section...They are a distillation of herbs, barks, roots and plants; they contain...
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 "The Daily Mail (London, England)")
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CLEMENT CRABBE; More from our columnist, the scabrous Clement Crabbe, of The Rockpools Register,who takes a wry, whimsical look at a world increasingly beyond parody.
Newspaper article from: The Daily Mail (London, England); 1/13/2007; 700+ words
; ...already stretched, took another hit this week. Admiral Basil Angostura, purplenosed Chief of Home Defences, demanded an entire new...Browne. 'Can't understand a blasted word Windy says,' barks Admiral Basil. 'He seems to jabber away in an entirely foreign...
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A gin renaissance: new twists and flavor profiles for this bar staple find favor with mixologists and chefs alike.
Magazine article from: Cheers; 10/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...cinnamon from Ceylon in place of the more traditional cassia bark) and different forms of the botanicals (fresh lemon zest...Pegu Cocktail--Tanqueray Gin, orange bitters, Cointreau, Angostura bitters and lime juice--is a nearly-forgotten classic...
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angostura bark
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
angostura bark , bitter bark of either of two South American trees ( Galipea officinalis and Cusparia felorifuga ) of the rue family. Formerly valued as a tonic and quinine substitute, it is now used in angostura bitters, an aromatic appetizer sometimes added to cocktails.
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Angostura
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
Angostura (formerly also Angustura ). Name of a town (now Ciudad Bolivar) in Venezuela; applied to (i) Angostura bark (XVIII), exported from Angostura and formerly used as a febrifuge and tonic, (ii) Angostura bitters (XIX; P.), a tonic first made in Angostura.
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angostura
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English
...xB7;ra / ˌa ng gəˈst(y)oŏrə / (also angostura bark ) • n. an aromatic bitter bark from certain South American trees, used as a flavoring, and formerly as a tonic and to reduce...
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Bark
Book article from: Plant Sciences
...varied texture and thickness of bark is often a function of the environment...variation in the structure of bark often gives a tree its characteristic...by the differences in their bark either externally or by cutting...spices, such as cinnamon and angostura bitters, come from bark. ...
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bitters
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
bitters various alcoholic beverages containing bitter principles, such as angostura bark, cascarilla, quassia, gentian, orange, quinine, and other flavoring agents, and prepared by infusion or distillation. They...
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