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mandates
mandates
The Oxford Companion to British History
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2002
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© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
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mandates. After the First World War, the colonial territories of the defeated powers were distributed to the victorious allies, under the general supervision of the
League of Nations, which set up a Permanent Mandates Commission. It was insisted that the mandated territories would move towards self-government. Britain acquired Iraq, Trans-Jordan, and Palestine from Turkey, and Tanganyika, West Togoland, and South Cameroons from Germany. South Africa took German South West Africa, Australia became responsible for New Guinea, and New Zealand for Western Samoa. Iraq became independent in 1932. After the Second World War, a United Nations trusteeship replaced the mandate scheme and the territories moved rapidly towards independence. Britain relinquished its mandate for Trans-Jordan in 1946 and for Palestine in 1948; West Togoland joined Ghana in 1957; South Cameroons joined East Cameroons (a former French mandate) to form an independent state in 1961. Tanganyika became independent in 1961 and joined with Zanzibar in 1964 as Tanzania. Western Samoa became independent in 1962 and Papua New Guinea in 1973. The independence of former German South West Africa was retarded by South Africa's refusal to obey United Nations rulings and a guerrilla war developed. The territory achieved independence under the name of Namibia in 1990.
J. A. Cannon
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Unfunded mandates and fiscal federalism: A critique
Magazine article from: Vanderbilt Law Review; 10/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...concept of unfunded mandates independently useful...Second, does the mandate issue provide insight...the unfunded federal mandate terminology defies precise...grounds, and because such mandates can be supported as...Adler concludes that the mandate concept provides little...
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Mandates won't fix health-care crisis.(HEALTH INSURANCE)
Magazine article from: New Hampshire Business Review; 4/27/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...Studies concluded this mandate alone "would result...picture. All of these mandates are being considered...that happens, how have mandates helped solve the problems...more health insurance mandates in New Hampshire will...BandAid approach of mandate on top of mandate currently...
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Anti-mandate movement now needs focus - and kid gloves.
Newspaper article from: Nation's Cities Weekly; 9/27/1993; ; 700+ words
; ...and derailing the mandate train will be a...attention to unfunded mandates, I submit we must...cannot oppose all mandates. It is critical...b) an unfunded mandate applied explicitly...to cities. These mandates richly deserve our...oppose an unfunded mandate of the second type...
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UNFUNDED MANDATES AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR:JAMES L. BLUM
Transcript from: Congressional Testimony; 6/3/1998; 700+ words
; ...intergovernmental mandates, and nearly 2 percent had mandate costs exceeding...TABLE 1: CBO MANDATE STATEMENTS FOR BILLS...Governmental Sector - Mandates Mandates...That Identified Mandates 69 64 91 65 Mandate costs exceeded threshold...
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UNFUNDED MANDATES FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR:ANGELA ANTONELLI
Transcript from: Congressional Testimony; 2/2/1999; 700+ words
; ...Process February 2, 1999 Testimony on the Mandates Information Act of 1999 By Angela Antonelli...you for inviting me to testify on the Mandates Information Act of 1999. I am Angela...for conducting its daily business. The Mandates Information Act of 1999 is an example...
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Mandate madness unjustified, commission says.(includes related article on Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations conference, and related information on mandate problems)
Newspaper article from: Nation's Cities Weekly; 1/22/1996; ; 700+ words
; ...made in the mandate to relieve intergovernmental...on Individual Mandates Of the 14 federal...Crumb Rubber mandate already repealed. These federal mandates, ACIR concluded...benefits of mandates, outline current...and regulatory mandate relief measur
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The mandate hoax of 1995.(Unfunded Mandate Reform Act of 1995)
Magazine article from: National Review; 11/27/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...device is the unfunded mandate, which allows the Federal...hoax. The Unfunded Mandate Reform Act of 1995...limited class of unfunded mandates packaged with other...For new federal mandates, the UMRA applies only...phony new unfunded-mandate statute confirms this...
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Mandates coverage keeps people uninsured.(HEALTH INSURANCE)(health insurance mandates)
Magazine article from: New Hampshire Business Review; 10/26/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...excessive health insurance mandates proposed by the Democratic...a state health insurance "mandate" is a requirement that an...patient populations. The goal of mandates is to provide individuals access...However, in recent years, mandates have become a tool for legislatures...
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Mandate for change: give cities a break.
Newspaper article from: Nation's Cities Weekly; 9/20/1993; ; 700+ words
; ...of the heavy burden unfunded federal mandates impose on local governments. The campaign...provide regular coverage of the unfunded mandates issue, describe local activities on National Unfunded Mandates Day, October 27, and highlight success...
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UNFUNDED MANDATES FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR:JAMES L. BLUM
Transcript from: Congressional Testimony; 2/2/1999; 700+ words
; ...the costs of the mandates. CBO has prepared almost 1,800 mandate cost statements...intergovernmental mandates (as defined by...costs of federal mandates have increased since...CBO has prepared mandate cost statements...
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Mandate System
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
...Ottoman territories as mandates from the League. The...development of each mandate toward eventual independence...by the fact that mandates were awarded with full...of three classes of mandate. Class A mandates were those to be provisionally...
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Mandates and Trusteeships
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy
...the reference was to mandates for former colonies. In this fashion the mandate system became a part...deliberations in Paris. Mandates developed historically...interpretation of the general mandate system as applying to...less enthusiastic about mandates that might restrict...
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mandates
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...obligations were assumed by the mandate power to the inhabitants...League, which supervised mandates; it differed from a sphere...and enforce laws. The mandate system was administered...Nations through a Permanent Mandates Commission of 11 members...
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Permanent Mandates Commission
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
PERMANENT MANDATES COMMISSION oversight...administration under the mandate system of fifteen mandated...policy regarding the mandates. The Commission, however...Norway. Citizens of the mandates could appeal to the...Trusteeship Council as the Mandate System became the trusteeship...
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mandate
Book article from: A Dictionary of World History
...1919 the League assigned a mandate for each territory to one...the League's Permanent Mandates Commission. The latter...World War II. In 1946 the mandate system was replaced by the...system for the remaining mandates.
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