burghs
The Oxford Companion to British History
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2002
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© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
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burghs, a variant spelling of boroughs, is the Scottish term for privileged towns. David I is traditionally credited with the first foundations of royal burghs; after 1450, burghs founded by subjects (burghs of barony and burghs of regality) became more numerous. Scottish burghs differed in many respects from English boroughs: they were more uniform in their laws and customs; they had a more unified voice in national politics until 1707; and indeed the royal burghs (generally the most important towns) had their own
Convention from the 16th cent. Furthermore, four burghs acquired universities between 1411 and 1583, so that until the 19th cent. Scotland had more university towns than England. Since 1707 the differences between English boroughs and Scottish burghs have diminished, but not altogether disappeared.
David M. Palliser
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denaturation
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
denaturation term used to describe the loss of native...the precise geometry is said to cause denaturation. Extensive unfolding sometimes causes...precipitation of the protein from solution. Denaturation is defined as a major change from the...
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Denaturation
Book article from: Chemistry: Foundations and Applications
Denaturation Protein molecules carry out many important...functionality and is said to have undergone denaturation. The interactions, such as hydrogen...A familiar example of heat-caused denaturation are the changes observed in the albumin...
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denaturation, protein
Book article from: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
denaturation, protein A change in the structure of protein by heat, acid, alkali, or other agents which results in loss of solubility and...
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thermal denaturation
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology
thermal denaturation See denature .
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denature
Book article from: A Dictionary of Biology
...loss of its biological properties. Denaturation involves unfolding of the polypeptide...structure; it is caused by heat ( thermal denaturation ), chemicals, and extremes of pH...boiled eggs are largely a result of denaturation. Compare renaturation .
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