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Sunderland
Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd earl of
The Oxford Companion to British History
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2002
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© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
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Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd earl of (1641–1702). Clever, urbane, and supremely self-confident, Sunderland was undoubtedly the most durable politician of the late Stuart age. After an ambassadorial career, he was appointed in 1679 secretary of state but dismissed in 1681 for supporting
‘Exclusion’. Through his influence with Charles II's mistress Louise de Kéroualle he was reappointed in 1683 and for the next six years was effectively chief minister. An expert in foreign affairs, he promoted royal pro-French policies, and in addition to his control over patronage master-minded James II's catholicizing campaign, becoming a catholic himself in 1688. Upon William's ‘invasion’, Sunderland insisted that James reverse his policy, but was dismissed. Briefly exiled in Holland, he returned in 1690, reconverted, and by 1693 had emerged as William III's political ‘manager’ behind the scenes, a role which he fulfilled without taking office until 1697 when he was made lord chamberlain. Parliamentary hostility forced his resignation shortly afterwards, but the king retained him in his counsels.
Andrew Hanham
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 "Sunderland Echo (Pennywell, England)")
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Sunderland battlers keep play-off hopes alive.
Newspaper article from: Sunderland Echo (Pennywell, England); 2/26/2007; 700+ words
; SUNDERLAND were well aware that Saturday's game...Ponteland was a big blow. But battling Sunderland kept themselves in the hunt for a play...heavy and in the pre-match warm-up Sunderland's top scorer Sean Bellon twisted his...
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Sunderland keep on fighting.
Newspaper article from: Sunderland Echo (Pennywell, England); 2/26/2007; 700+ words
; Billingham 14 Sunderland 16 SUNDERLAND RFC were well aware that Saturday's game at Billingham was...injury suffered against Ponteland was a big blow. But battling Sunderland kept themselves in the hunt for a play-off position coming...
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Sunderland Earns Its Stars and Stripes.
Business Wire; 5/16/2006; 700+ words
; SUNDERLAND, England & WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Sunderland is set to sign a star-spangled agreement with the...s most powerful city. In a major coup for the UK, Sunderland City Council has negotiated an Agreement of Friendship...
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Sunderland suffer in away defeat.
Newspaper article from: Sunderland Echo (Pennywell, England); 11/26/2007; 700+ words
; Sunderland's promotion ambitions suffered a major...Saturday's 32-13 defeat at Billingham. Sunderland were dealt a blow before the game when...the wing. Top sport stories... - Sunderland will stay up - skipper. - Keane hides...
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Sunderland defiant against Gunners.
Newspaper article from: Sunderland Echo (Pennywell, England); 10/8/2007; 700+ words
; Proud, spirited revival gives Sunderland hope for future. Forget the apparent...the only real surprise was that Sunderland weren't on the receiving end...does not quite do justice to a Sunderland side which should be commended...
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Sunderland wobble in the face of Colly
Newspaper article from: The Northern Echo; 3/6/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...a devastating hat-trick which left Sunderland without a Premiership win in nine games...season. Collymore terrorised the shaky Sunderland defence, crashing home a superb goal...this comprehensive success, which left Sunderland wondering where their next Premiership...
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Sunderland set up crunch finale.
Newspaper article from: Sunderland Echo (Pennywell, England); 4/2/2007; 700+ words
; Rugby Union SUNDERLAND hammered North Shields 90-3 to set...in the league. Leaders Gateshead, Sunderland and Northern all have 36 points with...left, played a week on Saturday. Sunderland host Stockton (who they lost to 28...
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 "The Journal (Newcastle, England)")
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Sunderland is the place to do business; SUNDERLAND REVITALISATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT In association with Sunderland City Council.(Business)
Newspaper article from: The Journal (Newcastle, England); 11/19/2008; 700+ words
; SUNDERLAND is continuing to prove itself as a city...have chosen to establish facilities in Sunderland and these companies continue to invest...Nike, is expanding its operation in Sunderland with a brand new office development...
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SUNDERLAND
Newspaper article from: The Northern Echo; 12/7/2006; 700+ words
; ...ton 38 76% 74% 92% 31 Barnes Jr, Sunderland 90 74% 70% 88% 43 Barnwell, H...Spring 55 73% 76% 82% 44 Bexhill, Sunderland 44 66% 73% 77% 59 Biddick, Washington...Washington 25 64% 72% 88% 52 Broadway Jr, Sunderland 73 86% 71% 86% 28 Burnside, H...
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Sunderland hold on for victory.
Newspaper article from: Sunderland Echo (Pennywell, England); 11/5/2007; 700+ words
; Sunderland survived a second half scare to record...and Northumberland One on Saturday. Sunderland had a dream start with a try that surely...Top sport stories... - Man City V Sunderland PREVIEW. - Kenwyne: Get ready for...
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Sunderland, La Roy (1804-1885)
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology
Sunderland, La Roy (1804-1885) Methodist minister, abolitionist, and magnetist. Sunderland was born May 18, 1804, in Exeter, Rhode...unconscious action on the part of the medium. Sunderland was also an exponent of phrenology. Of...
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Sunderland
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Sunderland city (1991 pop. 195,064) and metropolitan...1980s, and coal mining in the 1990s. Sunderland exports metals and manufactured goods...Educational and cultural facilities include Sunderland Polytechnic College, Sunderland College...
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Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd earl of
Book article from: A Dictionary of British History
Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd earl of (1641...urbane, self‐confident, Sunderland was undoubtedly the most durable politician...s ‘invasion’, Sunderland, recently converted to catholicism...
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Robert Spencer Sunderland, 2d earl of
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Robert Spencer Sunderland, 2d earl of 1641-1702, English statesman. He succeeded to the...Catholicism and became an influential adviser of William. It was Sunderland who persuaded the king to abandon a mixed ministry and employ only...
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Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd earl of
Book article from: A Dictionary of British History
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd earl of (1674–1722). Whig politician. Son of the 2nd earl, he entered Parliament in 1695...
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