Peterloo
The Oxford Companion to British History
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2002
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© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
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Peterloo. The massacre, derisively dubbed ‘Peterloo’, took place in St Peter's Fields (Manchester) on 16 August 1819. A radical reform meeting of 60,000–100,000 people was violently broken up by the local yeomanry who were ordered by the magistrates to arrest the speaker, Henry
Hunt. Eleven people were killed and over 400 wounded. The government promptly congratulated the magistrates and rushed through the
Six Acts. There was an immediate national outcry from liberals and reformers of every shade, angrily portrayed in
Shelley's The Masque of Anarchy and
England in 1819. To middle-class reformers and Whigs, Peterloo was a warning of the aspirations of the unenfranchised. To working-class reformers Peterloo became a symbol. It was condemned at mass meetings throughout the country and was commemorated for many years afterwards. ‘Remember the Bloody Deeds of Peterloo’ proclaimed chartist banners 20 years later.
John F. C. Harrison
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