Merchant Venturers
The Oxford Companion to British History
|
2002
|
|
© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
Copyright
Merchant Venturers. One of the greatest trading companies. Privileged trading concessions can be traced back to the 13th cent. and the duke of Brabant granted a charter in 1296 to English merchants in Antwerp. Though a number of companies and merchants traded with different places, the Netherlands gradually predominated, particularly for the export of cloth. The London Merchant Venturers were closely associated with the Mercers' Company, sharing Mercers Hall until the Great Fire in 1666, and rivals of the Staplers' Company, which specialized in wool export. Henry VII granted them a charter in 1505, establishing a governor and 24 councillors. The company had links or affiliations with other towns, such as York, Newcastle, Exeter, and Bristol. They defended their cloth monopoly against numerous rivals and enemies at home and abroad. They complained frequently of the activities of interlopers and their relations with affiliated companies were far from cordial. Abroad they struggled against the
Hanseatic League and against the vagaries of foreign diplomacy. They switched their trading base repeatedly to retain or enhance their privileges, moving from Antwerp to Emden and then to Hamburg. During Elizabeth's reign they succeeded in seeing off the challenge of the Hanse, but protests against their monopoly persisted and the advocates of
free trade gained ground. In 1689, immediately after the
Glorious Revolution, the export of cloth was opened up by statute to all subjects, thus depriving the Merchant Venturers of their monopoly. They continued to trade until the Napoleonic wars.
J. A. Cannon
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
|
Odes of absorption in the Restoration and early eighteenth century.(Critical essay)
Magazine article from: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900; 6/22/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...eighteenth-century ode maintains that Restoration...the story says, odes undergo a change of phase. Midcentury odes cease the public...eighteenth-century ode's movement from...unquestionable distance the ode travels from phase...his 1656 Pindarique Odes (1707-11) which...
|
|
Ode and empire.(link between the ode and the seats of public power)
Magazine article from: TriQuarterly; 6/22/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...here is that which links the ode, throughout its rhetorical spectrum...public power. In its origin, the ode is linked to those most public...devising the form, wrote his odes to celebrate athletic victories...subsequent centuries, the Pindaric ode came to be associated with other...
|
|
Beyond the Mao Odes: Shijing reception in early medieval China.
Magazine article from: The Journal of the American Oriental Society; 4/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]. tradition of the ancient Odes (Shi [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII...versions of the classics among which the Mao Odes were now included, clearly favored the...influential subcommentary was devoted to the Mao Odes (Mao shi [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII...
|
|
Keats's Ode to a Grecian Urn.(John Keats)
Magazine article from: Studies in Romanticism; 6/22/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...MISQUOTE THE TITLE OF KEATS'S ODE MAY NOT BE AWARE OF the truth...Indeed, Keats's poem is an ode not "on" but "to" a Grecian...genre more faithfully than most odes. This faithfulness exposes the...communicative situation of the ode, which is essentially a dialogic...
|
|
L'Apotheose d'Orphee: l'esthetique de l'ode en France au XVI siecle Sebillet a Scaliger (1548-1561).
Magazine article from: Renaissance Quarterly; 6/22/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...primary claims is that the reader of the ode is not just instructed by it, nor even...and oldest of genres, "le poete d'odes lyriques, comme Orphee, grand voyageur...that traces the origins of the French ode to Greek, Latin, Italian, biblical...
|
|
SSA Releases ODE*SSA 2.0, Upgraded Powerful Estimation Tool for Self Storage Association Members.
Business Wire; 3/17/2006; 700+ words
; ...Self Storage Association (SSA) introduced ODE*SSA 2.0, the powerful, innovative upgrade...its proprietary Web-based tool, known as ODE*SSA "Online Demand Estimator-Self Storage Association." ODE*SSA 2.0 is a direct member-only benefit...
|
|
Keats's Ode to a Nightingale.(John Keats)
Magazine article from: The Explicator; 3/22/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...he produced all the great odes, "Lamia," and "The Fall of Hyperion." He created an ode stanza that evolved from...her famous analysis of the odes, reminds us that Keats's "development of each ode from its predecessors" reveals...
|
|
|
Odes a Pasithee.
Magazine article from: Renaissance Quarterly; 9/22/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...Tagaut joined in 1554. The Odes he has edited comprise two books...of 1112 hexasyllabic verses (Ode I), a Pindaric piece in strophes, antistrophes, and epodes (Ode X), and three works in Marotic "pauses" (Odes II, XI and XIII). The 1552...
|
|
"The Road to Stalin": Mandelstam's Ode to Stalin and "The Lines on the Unknown Soldier".(Critical Essay)
Magazine article from: Shofar; 6/22/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...two late poems by Osip Mandelstam: the Ode to Stalin and the "Lines on the Unknown...one of Mandelstam's major works. The Ode, for the most part, has been treated as...works. The other poem, Mandelstam's Ode to Stalin, has rarely been translated and...
|
|
|
Collins's Ode to Evening.(William Collins)
Magazine article from: The Explicator; 9/22/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...1721-59) is his "Ode to Evening," which he first included in his Odes on Several Descriptive...That Collins's "Ode to Evening" (Lonsdale...the 1746 version of the ode, focusing especially...original 1746 version of Odes on Several Descriptive...
|
|
ode
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...some length. The ode dates back to the...celebrations. The Greek odes of Pindar, which...the Renaissance the ode was revived in Italy...imitated Pindar in odes on public events and...personal odes. Horatian odes also influenced the...Marvell. Milton's ode "On the Morning of...
|
|
Odes of Solomon
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
Odes of Solomon. See SOLOMON, ODES OF .
|
|
Ode Recited at the Commemoration to the Living and Dead Soldiers of Harvard University
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to American Literature
Ode Recited at the Commemoration to the Living and Dead Soldiers of Harvard University...published in The Cathedral (1877). It is in the irregular form of the Pindaric ode as adapted by Cowley. Although song is “weak‐winged...
|
|
Horatian ode
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature
Horatian ode, see ode .
|
|
|
Ijebu-Ode
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Ijebu-Ode , town (1991 est. pop. 138,000), SW Nigeria. It is a commercial town...processed timber and plywood, canned fruit and juice, and milled rice. Ijebu-Ode was the capital of the Yoruba Ijebu kingdom that was founded by the 15th cent...
|
