Garter, Order of the
The Oxford Companion to British History
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2002
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© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
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Garter, Order of the. This, the oldest and highest order, was instituted in 1348 by Edward III in imitation of King
Arthur and the great deeds of
chivalry. Membership was limited to the sovereign, prince of Wales, and 24 knights. George III's fecundity created a problem since he had seven sons, and in 1786 a statute allowed them supernumerary status. After 1660, very few commoners were honoured, though exceptions were made for Sir Robert
Walpole, Lord
North, and Sir Edward
Grey. The headquarters of the order is at Windsor, where St George's chapel was built by Edward IV. The motto—‘honi soit qui mal y pense’ (Shame unto those who think evil thoughts)—is said to derive from Edward restoring the countess of Salisbury's garter to her. The significant decorations are the Star, a garter to be worn below the left knee, and a diagonal blue ribbon.
J. A. Cannon
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Sussex, West
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to British History
Sussex, West was given a separate county council in 1888, with its county headquarters...commission in 1994 recommended no change in the two-tier system for West Sussex, which retains its county status. See Sussex, East . J. A. Cannon
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