Belgae
The Oxford Companion to British History
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2002
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© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
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Belgae. A British
civitas. The Romans applied the name Belgae to a whole group of tribes in north-west Gaul, but the appearance of a
civitas of this name in Britain is something of a mystery. According to Ptolemy its territory included not only
Winchester but
Bath and a nearby, but as yet unidentified, settlement called Ischalis. It seems likely that Ptolemy has made an error here (he made others) since the resulting shape of the territory of the Belgae would bear little resemblance to pre-Roman tribal geography and would be something of an administrative nightmare. If the
civitas was actually focused around Winchester there is still a problem, since this area seems to have been part of the old kingdom of the
Atrebates. The
civitas of the Belgae was therefore most probably an artificial creation of the Roman administration, like the neighbouring
civitas of the
Regni, and was created at about the same time in
c. ad 80 following the death of King
Cogidubnus. Its administrative capital at Winchester was known as Venta Belgarum. The town walls enclosed about 140 acres, and though there were extra-mural suburbs, its population was probably no more than 3,000–4,000.
Keith Branigan
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