Appeals, Act in Restraint of
The Oxford Companion to British History
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2002
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© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information)
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Appeals, Act in Restraint of (1533). The Act (24 Hen. VIII c. 12), largely the work of Thomas
Cromwell, was a crucial step in Henry VIII's assertion of royal supremacy against the papacy. He had already moved against the clergy with accusations of
praemunire and in 1532 forbade the payment of
Annates or first fruits to Rome. The Act, passed in the first week of April, forbade appeals to Rome and had two objectives—to allow
Cranmer to give a ruling on Henry's marriage to
Catherine of Aragon which could not be appealed, and to intimidate the pope generally. The preamble declared majestically that ‘this realm of England is an empire … governed by one supreme head and king … furnished with plenary, whole and entire power … without restraint or provocation to any foreign princes or potentates of the world’. A week later
Anne Boleyn appeared as queen and six weeks later Cranmer declared that Henry's marriage to Catherine had been invalid.
J. A. Cannon
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