Vijñāna
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Vijñāna (Skt., ‘knowing’).
1. In Hinduism, knowledge which penetrates ritual and sacrifice, and understands its meaning. It is therefore the highest state of consciousness in which the meditator sees
Brahman, not just in the condition of
samādhi, but in the whole of everything. In
Vedānta, this is ‘seeing Brahman with open eyes’.
2. In Buddhism (Pāli,
viññāna), the fifth of the five
skandhas. As ‘perception’, it is contrasted with
jñāna (‘understanding’). Its importance was enhanced in
Vijñanavāda (Yogācāra), because it is the basis of the ‘storehouse consciousness’ (
ālaya-vijñāna), which contains the seeds of all
dharmas (constituents of manifestation).
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