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Ottoman Empire
Ottoman empire
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Ottoman empire (13th cent. CE–1924 (AH 7th cent.–1342)). Extensive Muslim empire, whose disintegration has contributed greatly to the complexities of Middle East politics, not least through the demise of the office of caliph (
khalīfa). ʿUthman (also spelt Othman, hence the name) founded a principality in Asia Minor which, in 758, began to expand into Macedonia, Serbia, and Bulgaria (where Muslim populations remain strong). By 1453 (AH 857) they were strong enough to take
Constantinople. In 1517 (AH 923) Selim I (Yavuz, ‘the Grim’) conquered Egypt, claiming that the last
ʿAbbāsid caliph, al-Mutawakkil III, had relinquished the caliphate to his family. The first signs of decline came in 1571 (AH 979) at the battle of Lepanto, when the Ottomans lost control of the W. Mediterranean. The 19th-cent. attempts at revival by the assimilation of W. ideas and technology in fact hastened the move to a secular state, established under Mustafa Kemal, Atatürk (‘father of the Turks’): the sultanate was abolished in 1922, the caliphate in 1924.
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Making Jews Modern: The Yiddish and Ladino Press in the Russian and Ottoman Empires.(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Shofar; 9/22/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...Ladino Press in the Russian and Ottoman Empires, by Sarah Abrevaya Stein...in the Tsarist and Ottoman Empires during the latter decades...autocratic, multi-ethnic empires, but both Jewish societies...schools throughout the Ottoman Empire and other Islamic countries...
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Making Jews Modern: The Yiddish and Ladino Press in the Russian and Ottoman Empires
Magazine article from: Canadian Slavonic Papers; 9/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...Ladino Press in the Russian and Ottoman Empires, Bloomington and Indianapolis...comparing the paths of Russian and Ottoman Jews. Stein's entre into the...Jewish history, and Russian, Ottoman, European, and Middle Eastern...
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Ottoman Policy during the Bulgarian Independence Crisis, 1908-9: Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria at the Outset of the Young Turk Revolution.
Magazine article from: Middle Eastern Studies; 10/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...determining influence on the Empire's external policies...decisive, impact on the Ottoman Empire's foreign policy...for manoeuvre for the Ottoman Empire, making the Empire...independent threats to the Ottoman Empire: the Bulgarians in particular...
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Analysis: Ottoman Empire era of Middle East history
Transcript from: NPR All Things Considered; 8/18/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...be wrong to call the Ottoman Empire a purely Islamic state...SHUSTER: Mostly the Ottomans were about empire building...to turn the Ottoman Empire into a European as...Hungary part of the Ottoman Empire, which it would...comparatively easy phase of Ottoman ...
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The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire.
Magazine article from: Middle Eastern Studies; 4/1/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...and their settlement in the Ottoman Empire has occasioned several new studies...the major developments in the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth to sixteenth...Jewish community within that of the Ottoman Empire. Levy's volume is useful...
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The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire. (book review)
Magazine article from: History: Review of New Books; 9/22/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...analogy whereby the Ottoman Empire was understood as the "Sick...European point of view, the Ottoman Empire was in decline was one during...increasing at a rapid pace. The Ottomans were making their first tentative...the world" (3). In The Ottoman Peoples and the End of ...
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The decline of the Ottoman Empire, c. 1798-1913: Robert Johnson puts the decline of a once-great Empire into an international context.(The Unpredictable Past)
Magazine article from: History Review; 9/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...as incapable of running an empire, for they regarded them as...surprising that the Ottoman Empire, racked by rebellions, corruption...as with the demise of all empires, created dangerous instabilities...and therefore of the Ottoman Empire that governed it for so long...the moribund ...
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The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe.(Book Review)
Magazine article from: Shakespeare Studies; 1/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...and processes in the Ottoman empire to those in Europe. These...necessarily distinctive nature of Ottoman and European societies. As a teaching tool, The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe...with Donald Quataert's The Ottoman Empire 1700-1922, which...detailed treatments ...
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The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe
Newspaper article from: Domes; 12/31/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...attempt to show that the Ottoman Empire, contrary to all impressions...culturally embedded in Ottoman civilization. Relatively...assumption that the Ottoman state was thoroughly...once capital of two empires -- one Christian...dominant institution of the empire. It is followed by...
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Arabs and Young Turks Ottomanism, Arabism and Islamism In the Ottoman Empire, 1908-1918
Magazine article from: Journal of Third World Studies; 10/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...European portion of the Ottoman Empire. In 1908, there was...government via the revived Ottoman parliament. The Turks...One dilemma which the Ottomans encountered was the...outlying parts of the empire. The Arabs were faced...what had once been the Ottoman Empire. It is ...
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Ottoman Empire: Overview
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
OTTOMAN EMPIRE: OVERVIEW multiethnic...muslim empire founded by the ottoman (or osmanli) turks in...Seljuk Turks declined, the Ottoman Turks began to absorb their...fourteenth century, the Ottomans took over some of the Byzantine...
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Ottoman Empire
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (c. 1290 – 1922...scientific management. This was an agrarian empire that, again, changed considerably over time. Most Ottoman subjects were and remained cultivators...
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Tulip Era (Ottoman Empire)
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
TULIP ERA (OTTOMAN EMPIRE) TULIP ERA (OTTOMAN EMPIRE). Lasting from 1718 to...was a transitory period in the Ottoman Empire that was marked by cultural...the seventeenth century, the Ottomans had been obliged to recognize...
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Ottoman Empire: Debt
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
OTTOMAN EMPIRE: DEBT borrowing in the ottoman empire by the government and within...richest and most lucrative in the empire — taxes imposed on tobacco...Although nominally a branch of the Ottoman government, the Debt Administration...
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Islam in the Ottoman Empire
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
ISLAM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ISLAM IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. The...hegemonic position of Islam within the Ottoman Empire. At the same time, the imposition...of Jews and Christians within the Ottoman Empire and other Islamic polities. God...
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