Mutʿa
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Mutʿa (Arab.,
mattaʿa, (of God) ‘let one enjoy something’). Temporary marriage in Islam, a contracted marriage for a limited period. Based on Qurʾān 4. 24, this became a divisive issue between
Sunni and
Shīʿa Muslims. Sunnis take this to refer to marriage in the ordinary sense, Shiʿites that it authorizes mutʿa. The latter hold that the original text (suppressed by Sunnis) added,
ilā ajalin musamman, ‘for a definite period’. Both parties agree that the Prophet
Muḥammad allowed mutʿa in the early days, when Muslim men were engaged in campaigns which took them far from home for long periods. Sunnis then refer to
ḥadīth in which Muḥammad makes it
harām, appealing to the principle of ‘gradualism’ through which the true
sunna became established (cf.,
badāʾ); and
ʿUmar was explicit in forbidding it. However, the Shiʿites do not accept that ʿUmar had authority to prohibit what Muḥammad allowed.
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