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mantra
Mantra
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Mantra (Skt., ‘instrument of thought’; Chin.,
chou; Jap.,
ju; Korean
chu). A verse, syllable, or series of syllables believed to be of divine origin, used in a ritual or meditative context in Indian religions. Mantras are used for the propitiation of the gods, the attainment of power (
siddha), and identification with a deity or the absolute, which leads to liberation from
saṃsāra. First appearing in the
Vedic Saṃhitās (2nd millennium BCE), mantras take on a central role in sectarian Hinduism, and Buddhist and Hindu
Tantrism, especially in the Buddhist Mantrayāna school (7th/8th cents. CE).
There are three kinds of mantra: linguistically meaningful, such as
namaḥ śivāya, ‘homage to Śiva’; linguistically meaningless, the
bīja or ‘seed’ mantras, such as
oṃ aḥ huṃ; and combined, such as the Buddhist
oṃ mani padme huṃ, ‘om jewel in the lotus huṃ’.
Mantras are only endowed with transformative power if given in initiation (
dīkṣa) from the mouth of a
guru. It is not so much correct pronunciation, but rather the power with which the mantra is endowed that gives it transforming capability.
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Mantra (or Mantram)
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology
...the power of a mantra is enhanced by the...repetitions. Although mantras have an automatic...aid to the mental mantra, which contains...and power. Special mantras called bija (seed...transmits a particular mantra from guru to student. Spiritual mantras common in India include...
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Gayatri Mantra
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology
...each morning and evening. The mantra is addressed to the sun as...goddess, wife of Brahma. The mantra translates roughly as "Earth...emotional, and mental states. Mantras, when properly intoned, vibrate...the repetition of the Gayatri mantra with pranayama (breathing...
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mantra
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...represents. There are several types of mantras. Sanskrit verses used in the Vedic sacrifice are known as mantras. Bija-mantra or "seed-sounds," used mainly...deities or forces; use of such mantras usually requires initiation by...
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Mantra
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
Mantra (Skt., ‘...Indian religions. Mantras are used for the propitiation...millennium BCE), mantras take on a central role...are three kinds of mantra: linguistically meaningful...seed’ mantras, such as oṃ...
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Mantra Yoga
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
Mantra Yoga. The practice of mantra repetition ( japa ) as a means of liberation ( mokṣa ), especially in Tantrism .
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