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Mantra

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | © The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Mantra (Skt., ‘instrument of thought’; Chin., chou; Jap., ju; Korean chu). A verse, syllable, or series of syllables believed to be of divine origin, used in a ritual or meditative context in Indian religions. Mantras are used for the propitiation of the gods, the attainment of power (siddha), and identification with a deity or the absolute, which leads to liberation from saṃsāra. First appearing in the Vedic Saṃhitās (2nd millennium BCE), mantras take on a central role in sectarian Hinduism, and Buddhist and Hindu Tantrism, especially in the Buddhist Mantrayāna school (7th/8th cents. CE).

There are three kinds of mantra: linguistically meaningful, such as namaḥ śivāya, ‘homage to Śiva’; linguistically meaningless, the bīja or ‘seed’ mantras, such as oṃ aḥ huṃ; and combined, such as the Buddhist oṃ mani padme huṃ, ‘om jewel in the lotus huṃ’.

Mantras are only endowed with transformative power if given in initiation (dīkṣa) from the mouth of a guru. It is not so much correct pronunciation, but rather the power with which the mantra is endowed that gives it transforming capability.

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JOHN BOWKER. "Mantra." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 23 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN BOWKER. "Mantra." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (November 23, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Mantra.html

JOHN BOWKER. "Mantra." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved November 23, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Mantra.html

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