Lin-chi I-hsüan
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Lin-chi I-hsüan (Jap. Rinzai Gigen, d. 867 CE). Chinese master who founded the Zen Buddhist Lin-chi line (
Rinzai-shū in Japanese). Lin-chi was noted for his emphasis on shouting (
ho) and striking (
kyosaku) as techniques for spurring on the spiritual progress of his students. ‘A type of Chinese Socrates’ (Demiéville), he is one of the outstanding figures, not just of Buddhism, but of humanity.
The Lin-chi way is characterized by dialectical formulae, the three statements (
sanku), three mysteries (
sangen), and three essentials (
sanyō); and the sets of four—four alternatives (
shiryōken), four conversations, four types of shouting (
shikatsu). The threefold formulae are dense and not explained.
His sayings and some biographical information are gathered in
Lin-chi lu (tr. R. F. Sasaki, 1975; see also
Rinzairoku), which includes the notable command: ‘If you meet the Buddha, kill the Buddha; if you meet the patriarch, kill the patriarch’, which summarizes the goal of independence from even the highest authority in the achieving of what they alone have the authority to teach.
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Weekly lab.(making stalactites and stalagmites with Epsom salts)
Magazine article from: Science Weekly; 10/16/1997; 502 words
; Make your own stalactite and stalagmite! You need: a 40 cm (about 16 in.) piece of yarn (wool yam works well), 2 paper clips, 2 baby food jars (or clear plastic...
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HOW A CAVE WILL BEHAVE.(stalactite and stalagmite)(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Odyssey; 5/1/2001; ; 407 words
; Take a look at these cone-like formations, And remember, wherever they're found: A stalactite drips down from the ceiling. A stalagmite grows up from the ground.
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Stalactite heaven: underground treasure in a Gold Country cave.(Black Chasm cavern, Jackson, California)(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Sunset; 6/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...century brought visitors down steep stairs and into the 170-foot-high Colossal Room, a dripping gallery of stalactites, stalagmites, draperies, and columns with an underground lake. After a winter of further trail construction, the tour...
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ANSWER: Stalactites. (Stalagm ...
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 10/31/2002; 185 words
; ANSWER: Stalactites. (Stalagmites grow up from the floor.)
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 "Coventry Evening Telegraph (England)")
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It's your Holiday: Falls' huge stalactites sparkled in the sun.(Features)
Newspaper article from: Coventry Evening Telegraph (England); 9/17/2001; 668 words
; ...walkways associated with the Cave of the Winds had been dismantled, to be replaced by a natural phenomena, huge stalactites and stalagmites sparkling in the sun. The dazzling white snow and ice contrasted with the clear blue sky. The Natives first...
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Cave stalagmites provide new clues to Australian climate.
Magazine article from: Ecos; 12/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...cave stalagmites and stalactites--are well preserved and...progressively build up over time. Stalagmites provide information on the...Oscillation. Fast-growing stalagmites can provide seasonal records...research efforts on cave stalagmites from Western Australia and...Australia is an ideal ...
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Stalagmite theft `distressing'
Newspaper article from: The Nelson Mail; 5/3/1999; 627 words
; ...of thousand- year-old stalagmites from a Golden Bay cave recently...limestone formations. She said stalagmites and stalactites were formed over thousands...removing them. ``Even if a stalagmite is already broken off you...break their own. ``(Stalagmites and stalactites) are living...
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Switching to Pb-free: reflow soldering; Stalagmites look pretty in caves, but not in convection tunnels.(Pb-Free Transition)
Magazine article from: Circuits Assembly; 12/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...rosin content in pastes and hence insist on better flux traps and gas management methods within the equipment. Stalagmites and stalactites look pretty in caves but not in convection tunnels. Not only do they demand serious maintenance, they pose...
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Ohio Caverns' underground panorama has been amazing visitors for more than a century Beauty runs deep The Crystal King stalactite hangs inside the Ohio Caverns. The privately owned caverns get 50,000 visitors a year. Contributed photo
Newspaper article from: Dayton Daily News; 10/15/2006; ; 558 words
; ...such as Fantasy Land and Palace of the Gods, unusual formations abound. Chandelier-like stalactites hang precariously from the ceilings. Stalagmites rise from the floor. Some crystals are translucent white, formed from calcite. Others contain...
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Rare stalagmites found in north China
News Wire article from: Xinhua News Agency; 12/21/2002; 357 words
; Rare stalagmites found in north China SHIJIAZHUANG...Dec. 21 (Xinhua) -- Stalagmites, icicle-like deposits...square meters. The largest stalagmite is 10 meters in height and...diameter. These interesting stalagmites may help study climatic...are often accompanied by stalactites, which descend ...
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Stalactites and Stalagmites
Book article from: World of Earth Science
...shape), mud stalagmites (formed...lily pad stalagmites (resembling...around a stalagmite if it is...When a stalactite touches a stalagmite it forms...Usually, stalactites and stalagmites in caves...
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stalactites and stalagmites
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth
...significantly faster. Some stalactites and stalagmites contain...climate variations from stalactites and stalagmites in the...been used. The age of stalactites and stalagmites can be determined precisely...uranium and thorium. When a stalactite or stalagmite is ...
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stalactite and stalagmite
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...thickness of the stalactite is increased. A stalagmite is a cone...cavern. Stalagmites and stalactites are often...pairs, the stalagmite being formed...from the stalactite. Stalactites and stalagmites often meet...
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stalagmite
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
stalagmite see stalactite and stalagmite .
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stalactite
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
stalactite icicle-like deposit of carbonate of lime pendent from a cave-roof...stalak- , base of stalássein drip, let drip; see -ITE . So stalagmite similar deposit rising from the floor of a cave. XVIII. —...
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