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Jesuits

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions | 1997 | | © The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Jesuits. Properly called the Society of Jesus, a religious order of clerks regular founded by Ignatius Loyola. It received papal approval in 1540. The spirituality of the Society is based upon the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius, a thirty-day series of retreat meditations which most Jesuits undertake twice during their training. The power of the Jesuits in the 17th and 18th cents. gave rise to considerable hostility in political circles of Europe, and also in some religious ones, particularly among the Jansenists. In 1773 the Society was formally suppressed by Clement XIV, but restored again in 1814 by Pius VII. From then on the Society showed itself especially devoted to the Holy See.

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