Gobind Siṅgh, Gurū
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Gobind Siṅgh, Gurū (1666–1708 CE). Tenth Sikh
Gurū. Gobind Rāi was born on 26 Dec. 1666, in Paṭnā, to Mātā
Gūjarī, while her husband,
Tegh Bahādur, was travelling further east. Later, the family returned to
Anaṇḍpur Sāhib, where, in Nov. 1675, Gobind Rāi received the severed head of his martyred father. As his father's chosen successor, he was installed as Gurū. His poetry comprises the
Dasam Granth. Adoration of God's holiness and majesty is expressed in new epithets (e.g.
akāl (timeless),
sarvloh (all-iron), ‘Sword’, and ‘Punisher of Evil’, as well as ‘Gracious’ and ‘Benign’). Pious Sikhs daily recite his
jāp,
savayye, and
chaupaī in
Nitnem. On
Baisākhī 1699 (according to tradition) he inaugurated the
khālsā, and initiated with
amrit the
pañj pyāre to be the nucleus of a pure, casteless community, characterized by the
five Ks and a code of conduct (rahat). He in turn received initiation (
Khaṇḍe-dī-pāhul) from them, assuming the name Siṅgh. Thousands more accepted this initiation.
On
Auraṅgzeb's death in 1707 CE Gobind Siṅgh supported the succession of Bahādur Shāh. In an attempt to punish Wazīr Khān and other persecutors of the Sikhs. Gobind Siṅgh was fatally wounded by two Pathān assassins. He bade his Sikhs regard the Ādi Granth as Gurū (so ending the line of human gurus), and died 7 Oct. 1708.
See
HOLĀ MAHALLĀ;
NĀMDHĀRĪ;
RAṄGHṚETĀ.
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