Descartes, René
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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1997
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© The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions 1997, originally published by Oxford University Press 1997. (Hide copyright information)
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Descartes, René (1596–1650). Philosopher. Educated at the
Jesuit college of La Flèche, in 1613 he went to Paris. Having devoted himself to philosophy, he settled in Holland. In 1649, at Queen Christina's invitation, he went to Sweden, where he died. His philosophy—expounded principally in his
Meditations (1641),
Principles (1644), and
Discourse on Method (1637)—is based on a method of radical doubt. But even doubt leaves an awareness of self—his famous
cogito ergo sum (‘I think, therefore I am’)—which becomes the pivot of his philosophy. From this point Descartes established, by pursuing ‘clear and distinct ideas’, a radical distinction (Cartesian dualism) between mind and matter—‘thinking’ and ‘extended’ reality—the existence of God (principally by a form of the
ontological argument), and thence the reliability of the world perceived through the senses.
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Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
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Memnon
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
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