iwan
A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
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2000
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© A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information)
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iwan. In Islamic architecture, a vaulted space used as an entrance, or, if closed at one end, a hall facing a court in a
madrasa or
mosque. From C11 four iwans disposed on axes on each side of a
court became usual in mosques, madrasas, and
caravanserais. The vaults could be plain, half-elliptical barrels, or more elaborately decorated with
muqarnas. An impressive pre-Islamic precedent was that at the
Sassanian Palace, Ctesiphon, Iraq (C4 or C6).
Bibliography
Builder & and Builder (1994);
Cruickshank (ed.) (1996);
Hillenbrand (1994)
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Henry Richard Vassall Fox Holland, 3d Baron
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Henry Richard Vassall Fox Holland, 3d Baron 1773-1840, British politician, nephew of Charles James Fox. He was a member of the Whig opposition...people of his day. His son, the 4th baron, edited Holland's Foreign Reminiscences...
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Henry Richard Vassall Fox
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Henry Richard Vassall Fox see Holland, Henry Richard Vassall Fox, 3d Baron .
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