Sangallo, Giuliano da

Sangallo, Giuliano da (1445–1516). Florentine architect, military engineer, and sculptor, born Giuliano Giamberti, son of Francesco Giamberti (1404–80), and brother of Antonio da Sangallo the Elder. Influenced by the work of Brunelleschi, he continued to work in that master's early Renaissance style well into the period dominated by Bramante and Raphael. He was in Rome in 1465 working on fortifications where he made a series of studies of Antique remains (now in the Vatican Library and in Siena). He returned to Florence in the 1470s, and built the Villa Medici, Poggio a Caiano (c.1480–c.1497), one of the very first Renaissance villas designed with conscious emulation of Antiquity in mind, notably in its arcaded terrace-platform, Ionic pedimented porch like a temple-front embedded in the façade, symmetrical arrangement, and barrel-vaulted hall. He designed the Church of Santa Maria delle Carceri, Prato (1484–91), the first realized Renaissance church constructed on a Greek-cross plan with barrel-vaulted arms and domed drum on pendentives over the crossing, although the interior owed much to Brunelleschi: it influenced Antonio da Sangallo's designs for the Church of the Madonna di San Biagio, Montepulciano (1518–34). Also influenced by Brunelleschi was the atrium of Santa Maria Maddelena dei Pazzi (c.1491–5), and the octagonal sacristy with adjoining vestibule of Santo Spirito (1489–95—with Cronaca), both in Florence. He designed the Palazzo Gondi (1490–1501), the façade of which is an elaboration on the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, and constructed a model of the Palazzo Strozzi (1489–90), later realized by da Maiano and Cronaca: that palace was very likely partly da Sangallo's design. Also by him was the Palazzo Rovere (or Ateneo), Savona (c.1494), but his hopes of preferment when his patron, Cardinal Rovere, became Pope Julius II (1503–13), came to nothing, the plum job of St Peter's going to Bramante. Under Pope Leo X (1513–21), however, he shared the responsibility for organizing the building-works at St Peter's with Raphael and Fra Giocondo, and seems to have had an influence on Michelangelo's architectural development. He made several unrealized designs that demonstrate a sound knowledge of Antique Classical composition, including plans for a Papal palace for Leo X in the Piazza Navona, Rome (1513).

Bibliography

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Belluzzi (1993);
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Heydenreich (1996);
Huelsen (ed.) (1910);
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Morselli & and Corti (1982);
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Turner (1996);
Tönnesmann (1983)