Celtic

Celtic. Epithet of the peoples now identified as Bretons, Cornish, Irish, Manx, and Scots Gaels, originally Aryans. Early Celtic art seems to have become widespread, or widely influential, from c. C5 bc throughout the Rhineland, Central Europe, the Balkans, and Northern Italy, then in France, Ireland, and Britain c. C3 bc. Later, during the first millennium ad, its art-forms embraced influences from Byzantium, Early Christian, Etruscan, Greek, Oriental, and Syrian precedents. Characteristic elements are abstract patterns such as the triquetrac (triangular three-lobed form of interlaced crescents), triskele (Y-shaped forms), and trumpet-pattern (trumpet shapes with sinuous forms between), complex interlaced stalks and ribbons, knots, spirals, and highly stylized flora and fauna. Celtic art influenced other styles, especially Anglo-Saxon, Hiberno-Romanesque, and Romanesque architectural enrichment, and reached its highest architectural development between c.650 and c.1150 with masterpieces such as the Bewcastle Cross, Cumb. (C7).

Bibliography

Lewis & Darley (1986);
Jane Turner (1996).