Bonatz, Paul Michael Nikolaus
A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
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2000
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© A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information)
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Bonatz, Paul Michael Nikolaus (1877–1956). Born in Solgne, Lorraine, he studied in Munich and assisted Theodor
Fischer 1902–6 at the
Technische Hochschule (Technical High School), Stuttgart, before himself becoming a professor in 1908. In partnership (1913–27) with Friedrich Eugen Scholer (1874–
c.1949) he designed the City Hall, Hanover (1911–14), and the
Hauptbahnhof (Main Railway Station), Stuttgart (1911–28), which owes something to
Saarinen's great terminus at Helsinki as well as to the AEG buildings of
Behrens. The partnership also designed locks, bridges, weirs, and other structures on the Neckar Canal (1926–36), the Graf Zeppelin Hotel, Stuttgart (1929–31), and many other buildings, including several private houses. Among Bonatz's other buildings the Henkel warehouses, Biebrich (1908–9), and the University Library, Tübingen (1910–12), may be cited. Later, Bonatz was consultant to Fritz
Todt for the design of the
Autobahnen (motorways) and their handsome bridges (1935–41). He was a signatory of the
Block manifesto, and most of his domestic work was rooted in traditional forms. With
Paul Schmitthenner (1884–1972) and
Heinz Wetzel (1882–1945), Bonatz built up the Stuttgart School of Architecture as a bastion of traditionalism against the ferocious onslaught of
International Modernism, and so it was no accident that the
Weissenhofsiedlung was established at Stuttgart as a challenge and almost a declaration of war. The response of Bonatz and his colleagues, in collaboration with the local timber industry, was to build the
Kochenhofsiedlung (1933—the name suggested basic realities (
Kochen ‘cooking’) as opposed to the white impracticalities of the rival
Siedlung (settlement, colony, or housing-estate) ), drawing on regional vernacular architecture, traditional timber construction, and craftsmanship, as a riposte to the alien imagery favoured by
Mies van der Rohe and his associates.
Under National Socialism Bonatz prepared schemes for the Naval High Command (1939–43) as part of
Speer's reordering of Berlin, and for the
Hauptbahnhof in Munich (1939–42)—both unrealized. He also designed the War Memorial Chapel, Heilbronn (1930–6), the Stumm Company Building, Düsseldorf (1935—with F. E. Scholer), and the
Kunstmuseum, Basel, Switzerland (1936). Disheartened by lack of recognition and by the dearth of building commissions during the 1939–45 war, he emigrated to Turkey in 1943, where he was appointed City Architect of Ankara, and became Professor at the Technical University, Istanbul, in 1946. The State Opera House, Ankara (1948), was erected to his designs. On his return to Stuttgart in 1953 he concentrated on repairing war-damage suffered by his earlier projects, published
Leben und Bauen (Life and Buildings) in 1950, and worked on the reconstruction of the opera-house at Düssoldorf in the 1950s.
Bibliography
Bonatz (1950);
Bongartz et al . (1977);
Graupner (1931);
Lane (1985);
Lotus International, xlvii (1985), 70–91;
Rittich (1938);
Roser (1991)
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'Monuments of veritie': considering the Irish holdings of Raphael Holinshed's (1587) Chronicles.(Essay)
Magazine article from: Irish University Review: a journal of Irish Studies; 3/22/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...to the reader in Volume II of Raphael Holinshed's revised and extended 1587...what has come to be known as Holinshed's Chronicles belies a deep...state of the Irish holdings of Holinshed's (1587) Chronicles has ever...
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King, commons, and commonweal in Holinshed's Chronicles.
Magazine article from: Albion; 9/22/2002; ; 700+ words
; Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles was the most ambitious...late Tudor culture. The reasons for Holinshed's historical neglect are not far to...universal geography-cum-history; (1) Holinshed himself, Wolfe's former assistant...
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The Trial of Nicholas Throckmorton.(Review)
Magazine article from: Renaissance Quarterly; 6/22/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...excerpted from the 1587 edition of Raphael Holinshed's The Chronicle of England...her informative volume Reading Holinshed's Chronicles (1994). In it, Patterson clarifies why Raphael Holinshed included such a lengthy transcription...
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Tome, Sweet Tome At the Rare Book School; Collectors, Curators Learn Volumes About The Publishing Craft
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 8/11/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...He brought out a 1586 edition of "Holinshed's Chronicles" -- a vast, encyclopedic history by Raphael Holinshed that provided source material for...This may just be the worst copy of 'Holinshed' in the world," Belanger continued...
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Shakespeare's carved saints.
Magazine article from: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900; 3/22/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...blood from his guilty hands. Raphael Holinshed's report is nearly identical...mightily, kills no one; in Holinshed, he kills--in what is perhaps...pilgrimage of contrition. Neither Holinshed nor any of the other sources...
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'Frankly, My Dear . . .'
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 4/21/2001; 575 words
; ...400 years ago a writer named Raphael Holinshed published a historical work of...Shakespeare was busily mining Holinshed and other sources for material...time had been more advanced, Holinshed, or his publisher or estate...
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Recent studies in the English Renaissance.(Recommended readings)
Magazine article from: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...University of Oxford, while Clegg's facsimile edition of Raphael Holinshed's history of Elizabethan rule, The Peaceable and...Regiment of Blessed Queene Elisabeth: A Facsimile from Holinshed's "Chronicles" (1587), seeks to show that this...
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Saint Crispin's day
Magazine article from: The Spectator; 3/3/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...s account was largely based on the Chronicles of Raphael Holinshed, which had appeared some 20 years before the first performance of the play in 1599. Holinshed's account was itself based upon those of a number...
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Text/Events in Early Modern England: Poetics of History.(Book review)
Magazine article from: Renaissance Quarterly; 6/22/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...reign of Richard II by the chroniclers Edward Hall and Raphael Holinshed. Hall puts a premium on immediacy and (often invented...up in predeterminations of the day. Conversely, Holinshed's Chronicles is heavily narrative and, refusing...
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The head that wears the crown.(theatrical interpretations of William Shakespeare's history plays)
Magazine article from: History Today; 8/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...Macbeth, King Learn and Cymbeline of England, Scotlande and Irelande published in 1573 by the Tudor historian Raphael Holinshed. Holinshed, in turn, based his account of Macbeth, which deals with events between 1040 and 1057, on Hector Boece...
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Raphael Holinshed
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Raphael Holinshed , d. c.1580, English chronicler. He was a translator who also assisted...never finished. In 1577, four years after Wolfe's death, appeared Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, which he wrote...
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Holinshed, Raphael
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to British History
Holinshed, Raphael ( c. 1520– c. 1581). Holinshed was the author and compiler of Chronicles of England...by John Vowell and took the story into recent times. Holinshed had little method or sceptical approach but his eclecticism...
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Shakespeare's Plays
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...Lancaster and York (1548); Raphael Holinshed, Chronicles of England, Scotland...VI, Part III 1590 1595 Hall; Holinshed King Henry VI Queen Margaret...VI, Part I 1590 1623 Hall; Holinshed King Henry VI Lord Talbot Joan...
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Historiography
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
...while a series of Protestant chroniclers from Edward Hall (d. 1547) through Richard Grafton (d. 1572) and Raphael Holinshed (d. 1580?) rewrote England's past to establish its adherence to "primitive" or pure Christianity prior to...
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chronicle plays
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
chronicle plays dramas based upon 16th-century chronicles in English, particularly those of Edward Hall and Raphael Holinshed . These plays became very popular late in the reign of Elizabeth I, when, in a burst of patriotism, the public...
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