Saint Paul: Education and Research
Saint Paul: Education and Research
Elementary and Secondary Schools
Public schools in Saint Paul are administered by Independent School District 625, the second-largest school system in Minnesota. A superintendent is chosen by a seven-member, nonpartisan board of education.
The following is a summary of data regarding the Saint Paul public schools as of the 2004–2005 school year.
Total enrollment: 42,000
Number of facilities
elementary schools: 50
middle schools: 9
senior high schools: 8
other: 1 open school; 1 special education school; 87 other programs including a creative arts high school, area learning center, and adult education center
Student/teacher ratio: not available
Teacher salaries
average: $44,745 (Minnesota, 2002-2003)
Funding per pupil: $8,644
A variety of private schools in Saint Paul enroll more than 12,000 students.
Public Schools Information: Saint Paul Public Schools, 360 Colborne Street, Saint Paul, MN 55102; telephone (651)293-5100
Colleges and Universities
Saint Paul is home to several colleges and universities. The University of Minnesota–Twin Cities operates a main campus in Saint Paul as well as in Minneapolis. An important research institution with a total enrollment of more than 45,000 full-time students, the university awards a full range of undergraduate and graduate degrees in 250 fields of study, including first-professional degrees in dentistry, law, medicine, pharmacy, and veterinary medicine. University of Minnesota faculty and graduates have been awarded 12 Nobel Prizes for physics, medicine, chemistry, economics, and peace.
Metropolitan State University, part of the Minnesota State University system, offers undergraduate and graduate programs in liberal arts, nursing, and management; the administrative offices of Minnesota State University are located in Saint Paul. The William Mitchell College of Law is a privately operated professional school devoted solely to the study of law. A fine arts curriculum leading to a baccalaureate degree is offered by the School of the Associated Arts.
Hamline University, affiliated with the United Methodist Church, provides undergraduate and graduate programs in such areas as chemistry, law, music, and teacher education. Bethel University is a four-year institution associated with the Baptist General Conference. The four-year Concordia College is operated by the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod. Lutheran Northwestern Seminary is the divinity school for the American Lutheran Church and the Lutheran Church in America. Other church-related colleges include Northwestern College and Macalester College, which is associated with the Presbyterian Church. The College of St. Catherine, the College of St. Thomas, and the Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity are Roman Catholic institutions.
Vocational and technical training is available at community colleges and specialized schools in Saint Paul and Minneapolis; among them is Saint Paul Technical Vocational Institute. In all, the Twin Cities support 13 colleges and universities, 6 state-supported comprehensive community colleges, and 9 publicly supported technical institutions.
Libraries and Research Centers
Nearly 70 public and private libraries are based in Saint Paul. The Saint Paul Public Library system includes a main facility, 12 branches, and a bookmobile. The library, which is a depository for federal and city documents, houses more than 1 million volumes as well as 2,000 periodicals, and CDs, maps, and other items. Special collections include oral history and the history of the city of Saint Paul. Adjacent to the Saint Paul Public Library is the James J. Hill Reference Library; its business and economic collection is open to the public. The Minnesota Historical Society maintains an extensive reference library with subject interests in genealogy, Minnesota history, and Scandinavians in the United States among other areas. Most colleges and universities in Saint Paul operate campus libraries, the largest being the University of Minnesota system, which consists of a main facility and four department libraries; its collection numbers more than four million catalogued volumes.
Among the larger state agency libraries in the city are the Minnesota State Law Library and the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Other specialized libraries are associated primarily with corporations, churches, and hospitals.
Research centers in the Twin Cities affiliated with the University of Minnesota include the Center for Urban Design; the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs; the Industrial Relations Center; the Metropolitan Design Center; the Northern Tier Technology Corridor; the Underground Space Center; the Immigration History Research Center; and the Minnesota Center for Twin and Adoption Research.
Public Library Information: Saint Paul Public Library, 90 West Fourth Street, Saint Paul, MN 55102-1668; telephone (651)266-7000; fax (651)292-6660
Cite this article
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Alkaloids: Nature's Curse or Blessing?
Magazine article from: American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education; 1/1/2003; ; 700+ words
; ...naturally occurring Opium alkaloids and their mirror images...Chapter 6 focuses on alkaloid synthesis, providing...the largest group of alkaloids, the indole alkaloids. Chapter 8 presents...benzylisoquinoline alkaloid classes, as well...
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Alkaloids and saponins in dietary supplements of blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides).(DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS)(Report)
Magazine article from: Journal of AOAC International; 1/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...contains a number of alkaloids, including a variety of quinolizidine alkaloids such as baptifoline...contains the aporphine alkaloid magnoflorine (Figure...characterized the alkaloid thalictroidine, as well as the alkaloids taspine, magnoflorine...
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Alkaloid answers.(Modern Alkaloids)(Book review)
Magazine article from: Chemistry and Industry; 5/5/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...However, most studies on alkaloids cover mainly their effects...the book: bioactive alkaloids--structure and biology, new trends in alkaloid isolation and structure...finally, new trends in alkaloid synthesis and biosynthesis...the biosynthesis of alkaloids, and therein lies its...
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Determination of ergot alkaloids: purity and stability assessment of standards and optimization of extraction conditions for cereal samples.(FOOD CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS)(Report)
Magazine article from: Journal of AOAC International; 11/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...important producer of toxic alkaloid metabolites (ergot alkaloids) in the overwintering...OMITTED] The major ergot alkaloids ergometrine, ergotamine...the determined ergot alkaloids then is often referred to as the total alkaloid content (12). LC...
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Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Ergoline Alkaloids in a Mutualistic Association between Ipomoea asarifolia (Convolvulaceae) and a Clavicipitalean Fungus1
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 5/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...synthesize ergoline alkaloids depends on the presence...responsible for ergoline alkaloid biosynthesis. The gene...occurrence of ergoline alkaloids in taxonomically unrelated...encoding the ergoline alkaloid biosynthetic pathway...the case of ergoline alkaloids, but also with other...
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ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF TROPANE ALKALOIDS IN SCOPOLIA PARVIFLORA BY INTRODUCING THE PMT (PUTRESCINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE) GENE
Magazine article from: In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology; 3/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...the tropane alkaloids. Moreover, the tropane alkaloid levels were...pathway of tropane alkaloids (Sato et al...roots are the alkaloid synthetic organ...biosynthesis of these alkaloids (Fig. 1...that tropane alkaloid production by...
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Exploiting the borono-Mannich reaction in bioactive alkaloid synthesis *.(Report)
Magazine article from: Pure and Applied Chemistry; 4/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...polyhydroxylated indolizidine alkaloids, for example, castanospermine...structurally related alkaloid, uniflorine A 8 [10]. These alkaloids are powerful inhibitors...azepine Stemona alkaloid, stemocurtisinol 13 [14]. These alkaloids comprise a new and...
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Induction of apoptosis by carbazole alkaloids isolated from Murraya koenigii.
Magazine article from: Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology; 5/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...HL-60. Three carbazole alkaloids, mahanine (6), pyrayafoline...after treatment with each alkaloid. Interestingly, each carbazole alkaloid induced the loss of mitochondrial...activated upon treatment with the alkaloids. Caspase-9 and caspase...
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Liquid chromatographic analysis of Cinchona alkaloids in beverages.(FOOD COMPOSITION AND ADDITIVES)(Report)
Magazine article from: Journal of AOAC International; 7/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...curves for Cinchona alkaloids with the UV detector...limit of each Cinchona alkaloid, taken to be the concentration...recovery of Cinchona alkaloids added at a level of...of a single Cinchona alkaloid salt to food is prohibited...quantification of 4 Cinchona alkaloids that are main ...
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Characterization of Vacuolar Transport of the Endogenous Alkaloid Berberine in Coptis japonica1
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 8/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...mechanisms of these alkaloids in plant cells...other hand, alkaloid-producing...simple model for alkaloid accumulation...this model, alkaloids, which are...of endogenous alkaloids. To study the mechanism of alkaloid transport in...
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Alkaloids
Book article from: Plant Sciences
...has led to the term alkaloids. Since the identification of the first alkaloid, morphine, from the...more than ten thousand alkaloids have been isolated from...time other organs are alkaloid-free. In potato plants...tubers are devoid of alkaloids, whereas the green...
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Alkaloid
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Alkaloid Alkaloids are chemical compounds, found...with acids to form salts. All alkaloids contain the element nitrogen...all plants contain some type of alkaloid. It is unclear why alkaloids are so common, and it is a matter...
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alkaloid
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
alkaloid any of a class of...alkalilike, some alkaloids do not exhibit alkaline...diseases. Narcotic alkaloids used in medicine...anesthetic. Other common alkaloids include quinine...Aconitine is the alkaloid of aconite . Cinchonine...
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alkaloids
Book article from: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
alkaloids Naturally occurring organic bases which have marked pharmacological actions...are found in plant foods, including potatoes and tomatoes (the Solanum alkaloids), or as the products of fungal action (e.g. ergot ), although they...
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vinca alkaloid
Book article from: A Dictionary of Nursing
vinca alkaloid ( ving -kă) n. one of a group of antimitotic drugs (see cytotoxic drug ) derived from the periwinkle (Vinca rosea). Vinca alkaloids, usually administered intravenously, are used especially to treat leukaemias...
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