Beriberi
Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z
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2004
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Beriberi
Thiamin, or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a role in energy production (through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) and nerve conduction. (ATP is the major source of energy that the human body utilizes to do work.) Thiamin is found in abundance in foods such as lean pork, legumes , and yeast. In contrast, polished (white) rice, white flour, refined sugars, fats, and oils are foods lacking this vitamin. People at risk for thiamin deficiency include those who consume large quantities of alcohol and those who live in impoverished conditions, for such people are deficient in substantial amounts of vitamins and minerals .
Beriberi is a clinical manifestation of thiamin deficiency. Symptoms include nervous system abnormalities (e.g., leg cramps, muscle weakness), limb swelling, elevated pulse, and heart failure. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a related condition (with symptoms such as a jerky gait, disorientation, and impaired short-term memory) that occurs among alcoholics.
see also Nutritional Deficiency; Vitamins, Water-Soluble.
Kheng Lim
Bibliography
Morgan, Sarah L., and Weinsier, Roland L. (1998). Fundamentals of Clinical Nutrition, 2nd edition. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Kane, Agnes B., and Kumar, Vinay (1999). "Environmental and Nutritional Pathology." In Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 6th edition. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
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Marcion's Gospel and Luke: The History of Research in Current Debate
Magazine article from: Journal of Biblical Literature; 10/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...of the relationship between Luke and Marcion's Gospel has been revived recently in several discussions of Marcion and Luke-Acts.1 Although this renewed...on the relationship between Luke and Marcion's Gospel, when no such consensus actually...
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Marcion and Luke-Acts: A Defining Struggle
Magazine article from: The Catholic Biblical Quarterly; 7/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; JOSEPH B. TYSON, Marcion and Luke-Acts: A Defining Struggle...in direct response to the views of Marcion, which were seen as a threat to the...Date of Acts," "The Challenge of Marcion and Marcionite Christianity," "A...
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Dating Acts: Between the Evangelists and the Apologists/Marcion and Luke-Acts: A Defining Struggle
Magazine article from: Interpretation; 4/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...2006. 513 pp. $47.50. ISBN 0-944344-73-9. Marcion and Luke-Acts: A Defining Struggle by Joseph B. Tyson University...E." and "not attested before 120-130 C.E." [by Marcion; p. 62]); and a range of texts from Romans, 1 Corinthians...
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Dating Acts: Between the Evangelists and the Apologists.(Marcion and Luke-Acts: A Defining Struggle)(Book review)
Magazine article from: Interpretation; 4/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...50. ISBN 0-944344-73-9. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Marcion and Luke-Acts: A Defining Struggle by Joseph B. Tyson University...E." and "not attested before 120-130 C.E." [by Marcion; p. 62]); and a range of texts from Romans, 1 Corinthians...
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Marcion, Muhammad, and the Mahatma: Exegetical Perspectives on the Encounter of Cultures and Faiths.(Review)
Magazine article from: Journal of Ecumenical Studies; 6/22/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...Rom. 9-11; early Christian attitudes to the followers of traditional cults; the redemption of Israel in Luke-Acts; Marcion's criticism of the Hebrew Bible; Muhammad's portrait of Jesus in the Qur'an; Isaac La Peyrere's effort to harmonize...
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Vom Evangelium des Markus zum viergestaltigen Evangelium
Magazine article from: The Catholic Biblical Quarterly; 4/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...Epistula Apostolorum, Justin Martyr, Marcion, Melito of Sardis, Celsus, the Muratorian...conclusion that John 21 witnesses, prior to Marcion's canon of (edited versions of) Luke...Campenhausen (followed by Koester) that Marcion's canon represented the first Christian...
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The Cambridge History of Christianity: Origins to Constantine.(Book review)
Magazine article from: Church History; 3/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...have a fuller treatment of eschatology. Marcion's story gets told several times, but...his followers. The decision to couple Marcion with the formation of the New Testament...succinctly summarizes what we know about Marcion and argues cogently that, while studying...
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Heretics: The Other Side of Early Christianity
Magazine article from: The Catholic Biblical Quarterly; 7/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...works from the NT era; there is little on Marcion, even less on the Montanist movement...Johannine literature. His approach to Marcion (as successor to Paul, the apostle of...what the advantages and drawbacks of Marcion's teaching are when they are compared...
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WHY CHRISTIANITY NEEDS JUDAISM.
Magazine article from: First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life; 8/1/2001; ; 700+ words
; ...figure in Jewish-Christian relations is Marcion, who died in A.D. 160. Although he...second century nonetheless rallied to Marcion's teaching that Christianity is not...Israel. The God of the Old Testament, Marcion said, was the Creator God or Demiurge...
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Crime, Guilt, and the Punishment of Christ: Traveling another Way with Anselm of Canterbury and Richard Hooker
Magazine article from: Anglican Theological Review; 4/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...Inherited Guilt In his controversy with Marcion, Tertullian (ca. 160-ca. 220) adopted...s offense, punishment, and so on. Marcion held that the flesh, as the creature...value of Tertullian's position against Marcion is clear: Christ's saving work applies...
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Marcion
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
Marcion The Christian theologian and leader Marcion (active mid-2nd century) promulgated views that were condemned as heterodoxy. Marcion came from the Black Sea seaport town of Sinope on what is...
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Main Leaders of Gnosticism
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of the Unusual and Unexplained
...exodus from Egypt, and the Red Sea crossings were symbols. Marcion (85 – 160 c.e.): Organizer of Gnostic congregations...century c.e. Christian leaders from Rome excommunicated Marcion for writing a book called Antitheses. He believed the death...
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New Testament
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...evolved over the first four centuries of the Christian era. The first canon was compiled by the heretic Marcion in the mid-2d cent. Marcion accepted only the letters of Paul (though not Titus or First and Second Timothy) and a truncated version...
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Paulicians
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...it is associated with Nestorianism . The teachings of the Paulicians seem to show some gnostic influence, possibly that of Marcion or Paul of Samosata , and many of the adherents leaned toward adoptionism . The sect especially valued the Gospel of Luke and...
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Cathari
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...forms (see Bogomils ; Albigenses ). Catharism was descended from Gnosticism and Manichaeism and echoed many of the ideas of Marcion . The Cathari tended to reject not only the outward symbols of the Christian church, such as the sacraments and the hierarchy...
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