Neturei Karta
NETUREI KARTA
group of ultra-orthodox jews living in jerusalem and elsewhere who oppose zionism prior to divine redemption.
Neturei Karta is Aramaic for "Guardians of the City." They are so named because their ideology rejects not only secular Zionism but all forms of Jewish sovereignty in Palestine prior to divine redemption. They deny all forms of cooperation with political Zionism, which they view as the hand-maiden of Satan. The Neturei Karta left the Orthodox political party, Agudat Israel, in 1938. They opposed the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and Israeli jurisdiction over Jerusalem.
Centered in the Meah Sheʿarim district of Jerusalem, they do not recognize the validity of Israel's existence or participate in its political process. They maintain their own autonomous communal, religious, and educational structures and view themselves as the protectors of the religious nature of the city. The much larger Satmar Hassidic sect is highly supportive of Neturei Karta and often serves as its voice in Jewish communities outside Israel. Both groups have undertaken numerous public demonstrations against Zionism and the State of Israel.
Bibliography
Domb, I. The Transformation: The Case of the Neturei Karta. London, 1958.
Marmorstein, Emile. Heaven at Bay: The Jewish Kulturkampf in the Holy Land. London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1969.
chaim i. waxman
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empire of Trebizond
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Theodore I
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
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Cappadocia
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
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