Performance Standards for Public Health
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH
Performance standards for public health are definite and clear measures established by the public health community as a model for the measurement of the quality of public health practice. The performance standards for the National Public Health Performance Standards Program were developed by local and state public health practitioners, local board of health members, academicians, and federal public health officials to provide a common framework for measuring performance and defining the optimal level of public health practice.
The tools for measurement use the "Essential Public Health Services" as a framework. Each service is defined by indicators of performance. For each indicator, a paragraph describes the ideal level of performance. This description is followed by measures or questions to assess the system's capacity to meet this level of performance. The tools help identify strengths and weaknesses in the public health system and provide policymakers with information to help develop public health systems.
Annette Ferebee
(see also: Essential Public Health Services; Official U.S. Health Agencies; Performance Standards for State and Local Health Departments )
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Anion gap, anion gap corrected for albumin, base deficit and unmeasured anions in critically ill patients: implications on the assessment of metabolic acidosis and the diagnosis of hyperlactatemia.(Research article)(Report)
Magazine article from: BMC Emergency Medicine; 12/16/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...Michael G Seneff [1] Background The use of anion gap assessment to interpret and diagnose...a gap acid, is one cause of elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis, and an elevated...measured and calculated lab values, such as anion gap (AG) and base deficit (BD), accurately...
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Influence of anions and cations on the dipole potential of phosphatidylcholine vesicles: A basis for the Hofmeister effect
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 5/1/1999; ; 700+ words
; ...tension. The effect of the anions was shown to increase...order corresponded to the anions' adsorbability and suggested...membrane. The order of anion effectiveness is in agreement...precipitate a given protein. Anion effects obeying a similar...reported that lyotropic anions reversibly ...
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Characterization of Anion Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Arabidopsis Epidermal Root Cells and the Identification of a Citrate-Permeable Channel Induced by Phosphate Starvation1
Magazine article from: Plant Physiology; 12/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...epidermal cells and show that anion channels represent a pathway...sup 2-^ as the dominant anion in the pipette, voltage-dependent...permeable to a range of inorganic anions; however when intracellular...starvation. Thus, we investigated anion channel activity from root epidermal...
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Adjustable capacity anion exchangers and their application in ion chromatography. (Feature).(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
Magazine article from: Chemistry and Industry; 9/16/2002; ; 700+ words
; The current trend in anion exchange resin technology...polarisable and polyvalent anions in a reasonable run time...the IonPac Cryptand A1 anion exchanger at Dionex has...an adjustable capacity anion-exchange column. It...elution of polyvalent anions using low eluent concentrations...
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The recognition and sensing of anions by a novel phenanthroline-bridged diamide.
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Chemistry; 9/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...peut reconnaitre un anion neutre tout en possedant...capacites a se lier aux anions. Les resultats d...binding interactions of anions are less effective...cations. The design of anion receptors is particularly...the result of an anion recognition study...Experimental Reagents All ...
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Spatial Distribution of Maxi-Anion Channel on Cardiomyocytes Detected by Smart-Patch Technique
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 3/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...region. INTRODUCTION The maxi-anion channel has been observed in...determined recently that the maxi-anion channel is a nanoscopic pore...The channel was selective to anions, showed significant permeability...mediated by activity of the maxi-anion channel under ischemic or hypotonic...
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Answering your questions; normal range for anion gap.(Tips from the clinical experts)(Interview)(Column)
Magazine article from: Medical Laboratory Observer; 6/1/2007; 700+ words
; ...and the major measured anions, chloride, and bicarbonate. The anion gap is usually calculated...An increase in the anion gap represents a change in the pattern of anions and cations in serum. (3) An increased anion gap may be due to decreases...
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Wide Nanoscopic Pore of Maxi-Anion Channel Suits its Function as an ATP-Conductive Pathway
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 9/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...function of the maxi-anion channel as a conductive...bulky ATP^sup 4-^ anion. We found a linear relationship...permeability of organic anions of different size and...suggested that ATP anions can permeate volumesensitive...outwardly rectifying (VSOR) anion channels in endothelial...
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The Sodium-Coupled Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SNAT2 Mediates an Anion Leak Conductance that Is Differentially Inhibited by Transported Substrates
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 4/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...Fig. 1). In contrast to the anion conductance, alanine transport...mutation. The permeability of the anion leak conductance is higher for...a preference for hydrophobic anions, Binding of Na+ to SNAT2 is not required to activate this leak anion conductance, but it increases...
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The serum anion gap
Magazine article from: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; 6/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; ...establish (or at least verify) the anion gap reference interval for the...calculated result remains valid. The anion gap is a calculated value...concentration of unmeasured anions in venous serum and is widely...reports have suggested that the anion gap reference interval should...
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anion
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
anion , atom or group of atoms carrying a negative...are more electrons than protons in the anion. Anions can be formed from nonmetals by reduction...in organic reactions are often radical anions (anions containing an unpaired electron...
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anion-exchange capacity
Book article from: A Dictionary of Plant Sciences
anion-exchange capacity The total exchangeable anions that a soil can adsorb, measured as milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil.
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Ions and Ionization
Book article from: Science of Everyday Things
...this type of ion is known as an anion (AN-ie-un). Anions can be represented symbolically in...described here is never called a chlorine anion; rather, anions have a special nomenclature. If the anion represents, as was the case here...
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Minerals
Book article from: Chemistry: Foundations and Applications
...arrangements of cations and anions and have a specific crystalline...electrons from atoms. Anions consist of a single element...a sulfide ion as its anion. Gypsum [CaSO 4...contains the polyatomic anion known as sulfate (SO...that is based on their anions, it is not surprising...
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composition of the body
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body
...as negatively-charged molecules (anions) to maintain electroneutrality. A major...total cations are balanced by the total anions in all three fluids. Values in milliEquivalents...Intracellular fluid Cations Potassium 157 Anions Bicarbonate 10 Sodium 14 Phosphate 113...
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