Mustangs
MUSTANGS
MUSTANGS. Many mustangs are descendants of sixteenth-century Spanish explorers' imported horses that had escaped and adapted to wilderness conditions. Modern feral horses represent hybrids of numerous breeds and primarily live in western states.
Books and movies usually depict mustangs sentimentally as symbols of freedom. In fact, mustangs often suffer starvation because fires, droughts, and urbanization destroy grazing sites. Pathogens spread fatal diseases in mustang herds. Mustangs occasionally die during natural disasters. Wild animals prey on mustangs. Humans sometimes poach mustangs to sell their carcasses.
The federal government approved extermination of the estimated 2 million mustangs living on public ranges in the 1930s. During the 1950s, Velma "Wild Horse Annie" Johnston (1912–1977) lobbied Congress to halt mustang slaughtering. Nevada legislation forbade contamination of water sources and use of aircraft to hunt mustangs. The federal government designated the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in 1968. By 1971, Congress passed the Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act to protect mustangs in the Bureau of Land Management's (BLM) jurisdiction. The BLM established Herd Management Areas (HMA). The Wild Horse and Burro Preservation and Managment Act of 1999 assured additional federal protection. BLM personnel round up mustangs for public adoption. The Spanish Mustang Registry, Incorporated, and North American Mustang Association and Registry document mustangs. Sanctuaries protect some mustangs, including two HMAs that help Kiger Mustangs, which genetic tests indicate possess distinctive Spanish Barb traits.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bureau of Land Management. Home page at http://www.blm.gov/whb/.
Dines, Lisa. The American Mustang Guidebook: History, Behavior, State-by-State Directions on Where to Best View America's Wild Horses. Minocqua, Wis.: Willow Creek Press, 2001.
Kiger Mesteno Association. Home page at http://www.kigermustangs.org.
Spragg, Mark, ed. Thunder of the Mustangs: Legend and Lore of the Wild Horses. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1997.
Elizabeth D. Schafer
See also Horse .
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Sargasso Sea: Where The Eels Meet
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 10/9/1996; ; 661 words
; ...mysterious Sar-gasso Sea has befuddled sailors...Jules Verne wrote of the Sargasso: "{T}runks of trees...ocean...." But the Sargasso is not nearly as daunting...of cold, dense deep-sea water laden with nutrients...spawn and die. From the Sargasso, their tiny larvae commence...
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THE WILD SIDE: ; Eels migrate to Sargasso Sea
Newspaper article from: Sunday Gazette-Mail; 9/13/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...and South America to the Sargasso Sea in the North Atlantic...memories of the Sargasso Sea call them home, eels...somehow return to the Sargasso Sea. Exactly how eels find their way back to the Sargasso Sea is unknown. They...
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 "Albany Times Union (Albany, NY)")
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SENSUAL 'SARGASSO SEA' BEST TAKEN WITHOUT WORDS.(PREVIEW)
Newspaper article from: Albany Times Union (Albany, NY); 5/27/1993; 700+ words
; ...from the sexual humidity in "Wide Sargasso Sea," so sensual are the tropical...despite its visual eloquence, "Sargasso" is an intelligent movie without...faithfully based need to know that "Sargasso" is what we moderns would call...
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IBEA Researchers Publish Results From Environmental Shotgun Sequencing of Sargasso Sea in Science; Discover 1,800 New Species and 1.2 Million New Genes, Including Nearly 800 New Photoreceptor Genes; IBEA Announces Sorcerer II Expedition, Global Expedition to Sample World's Oceans and Land to Characterize and Understand Microbial Populations Using Environmental DNA Sequencing.
PR Newswire; 3/4/2004; 700+ words
; ...samples taken from the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda. Using the...million new genes from the Sargasso Sea. This work was funded...identified in the Sargasso Sea. As well, there were...public databases. The Sargasso Sea was chosen as a pilot...
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`Wide Sargasso Sea': Lush with sexual and colonial politics
Newspaper article from: The Boston Globe; 5/14/1993; ; 700+ words
; WIDE SARGASSO SEA Directed by: John Duigan Screenplay...scenes) Entrapment is the star of "Wide Sargasso Sea," John Duigan's film of Jean...sexual and colonial politics in "Wide Sargasso Sea." The film is as lush with them...
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Between and beyond boundaries in 'Wide Sargasso Sea.' (Third World Women's Inscriptions)
Magazine article from: College Literature; 2/1/1995; ; 700+ words
; ...abound in Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea. As Judith Moore has pointed out...oppositional overlap has in Wide Sargasso Sea. Instead, she focuses on...British imperialism.(1) Wide Sargasso Sea tells the story of Bertha Mason...
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WIDE SARGASSO SEA By Jean Rhys
Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 7/25/2008; ; 661 words
; BOOK OF A LIFETIME Wide Sargasso Sea is not just a great novel, it is...deep tragedy. I first read Wide Sargasso Sea before coming to Jane Eyre...magical Jamaican scenery, Wide Sargasso Sea depicts the trouble and confusion...
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CHANGES IN OCEAN CONDITIONS IN SARGASSO SEA POTENTIAL CAUSE FOR DECLINE IN EEL FISHERY
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 3/6/2008; 700+ words
; ...low productivity waters of the Sargasso Sea south of Bermuda," NOAA biologist...spawn in the open ocean in the Sargasso Sea, in an area between the Bahamas...But before they go back to the Sargasso Sea, they undergo another physical...
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 "Genome Biology (Online Edition)")
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Picoeukaryotic sequences in the Sargasso Sea metagenome.(Research)
Magazine article from: Genome Biology (Online Edition); 1/7/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...random sequencing of filtered sea water [12], is better characterized...samples collected from the Sargasso Sea, filtered through a pore...years ago with samples from the Sargasso Sea [12]. The experimental...This is indeed the case in the Sargasso Sea samples, where 34 18S...
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"Now every word she said was echoed, echoed loudly in my head": Christophine's Language and Refractive Space in Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea
Magazine article from: Journal of Narrative Theory : JNT; 1/1/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...provocative role in Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea has generated a tremendous quantity...is a powerful presence in Wide Sargasso Sea. Numerous critics have positioned...and Christophine 's role in Wide Sargasso Sea is one of the more incisive...
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Sargasso Sea
Book article from: A Dictionary of Ecology
Sargasso Sea The calm centre of the anticyclonic gyre in the North Atlantic, comprising...as the Gulf Stream , Canaries Current , and North Atlantic Drift . The Sargasso Sea is a large, warm (18°C), saline (36.5–37...
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sargasso weed
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
...to the seabed in shallow water. Sargasso weed is the exception in that it...tropical oceans, particularly in the Sargasso Sea where it gathers in large accumulations...along slicks and windrows . The Sargasso Sea, the area of the North Atlantic...
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sargasso
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
sargasso seaweed found floating in the Gulf Stream and esp. in the S. Sea (bounded by the Azores, the Canaries, and the Cape Verde islands). XVI. — Pg. sargaço , of unkn. orig.
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seas
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
seas. In the ancient world traditionally there were seven seas—the Red Sea, the Mediterranean, the Persian...However, others, like the Sargasso and the Arabian Seas, are...See also high seas ; narrow seas ; oceans ; united nations conference on the law of the sea . ...
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True Eels
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...species of eel runs to the sea and migrates to a warm...Bermuda that is known as the Sargasso Sea. European eels also commonly spawn in the Sargasso Sea, following a migration...larvae were observed, in the Sargasso Sea. Freshwater eels are...
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