Norman Levine comments:

For anyone who wants to know where to begin, I suggest that the start would be Canada Made Me, From a Seaside Town, then Champagne Barn.

I wrote in the Atlantic Advocate: "When you go to a writer's work—it is into his personal world that you enter. What he is doing is paying, in his own way, an elaborate tribute to people and places he has known."

Norman Levine has always been remarkable for the reserve of his writing; but it took him some years to learn what best to withhold and what to reveal. In his early autobiographical stories and novel, The Angled Road, he was "trying to cut out [his] past, to cover … up" his origins as the Canadian-bred son of a Jewish street-peddler. As if to compensate for this leaching of color from his material, he was also experimenting with patches of vulgar prose-poetry. While teaching himself to write simply and directly, he came to terms with his personal history. Now, in Thin Ice, although his range is narrow, he shapes his stories with the unmistakable authority of a writer who has found his subject and style.

Speaking for the most part in the first person, Levine relates in neutral prose incidents from his Canadian upbringing and his years in England. Certain worlds are revealed which he leaves and is drawn back to: Jewish society, life at McGill University summer cottages by the Richelieu, the tourist villages of Cornwall, poverty in a small town. He has achieved the outsider's vantage point from which he turns a telephoto lens on ordinary people and events. The danger of his method is that when it miscarries, as sometimes it does, the reader is left with a commonplace, colorless anecdote that adds up to nothing. His later stories and novel do not differ greatly from his travel narrative, Canada Made Me, except in being increasingly crafted, concise, and superficially detached. Although he has escaped the heavy cold of Montreal and the intimate squalor of lower Ottawa, he takes with him wherever he goes his Canadian melancholy and taste for failure.

In drawing on his personal past, Levine often returns to the same scenes, characters, and even fragments of conversation, as if he were unable to invent afresh or to leave behind any of his life. An Englishman awaiting the flowering of a large cactus, a woman without a nose, a prowling man whom a couple nicknames "the house detective," are only a few of many recurrent elements in the work of this man who mines his own writings, word for word, as well as his past. The friction of repeated use has polished his memories until all that is inessential has worn away, leaving a smooth pebble of experience.

Levine consistently avoids evocative vocabulary, choosing instead to make a plain statement of fact in language so empty of implication that it becomes mysterious. It is as if he is trying to create prose as objective as the reality he perceives. Yet, in his best work, when everything possible has been jettisoned, a core of emotion remains. He writes in short, often broken, sentences that correspond to the fragmentary moments of human contact in his tales. Sometimes an ugly expression such as "less worse" (Canada Made Me ) has been selected as the only way of expressing what he means, but at other times a sentence muddles into ambiguity that adds nothing, or an angularity almost illiterate. Except for brief periods, Levine lived in England from 1949 until 1980, so it is not surprising that he somewhat lost his grasp of Canadian idiom and fact. His use of such expressions as "the School of Seven," "motorways," "left luggage," and "do some walks" is evidence of the distance he traveled from his native speech. Even his distinguished German translator, Heinrich Böll, the Nobel prize-winner, must have felt it a hopeless task to convey in all its aspects Levine's continual shuttling between England and Canada.

Although Levine says little about his feelings, one cannot miss the passion that concentrates his prose and sends him back to places and people he cannot forget. His journeys are the counterpart of the sexual hunger that runs through From a Seaside Town. His appetite for experience and his enjoyment of the grotesque have so far saved him from the sterility that threatens autobiographical writers in middle age. In his low-keyed world even tiny incidents stand out like figures against a landscape of snow. They may mean nothing or anything, but to him they have an importance which the reader feels, but never entirely understands.

—Margaret Keith

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

(Including press releases, facts, information, and biographies)

	Utilitarianism and conflation *. Magazine article from: Polity; 7/1/2003; ; 700+ words ; A common charge against utilitarianism is that it fails to respect...often been levelled against utilitarianism in the context of debates about...Justice, Rawls writes that "Utilitarianism does not take seriously the...
	Utilitarianism, Institutions, and Justice.(Review) Magazine article from: American Political Science Review; 12/1/1998; ; 700+ words ; ...argument with the claim that utilitarianism raises two related problems...paradox. The first is that utilitarianism "requires too much" by imposing...paradox entailed is that "utilitarianism tells us to make each and...
	Equal Freedom and Utility: Herbert Spencer's Liberal Utilitarianism.(Review) Magazine article from: American Political Science Review; 6/1/1999; ; 700+ words ; ...Science Much recent work on the history of utilitarianism, especially in its nineteenth-century...John Rawls's contractualist challenge to utilitarianism. Rawls identified utilitarianism as the main philosophical threat to liberalism...
	UTILITARIANISM, INSTITUTIONS, AND JUSTICE.(Review) (book review) Magazine article from: The Philosophical Review; 1/1/2000; ; 700+ words ; UTILITARIANISM, INSTITUTIONS, AND JUSTICE. By...University Press, 1997. Pp. xii, 203. Utilitarianism is subject to objections of at least...first chapter, Bailey describes utilitarianism, and considers a variety of prima...
	Mark S. Stein, Distributive Justice and Disability: Utilitarianism against Egalitarianism. Magazine article from: Social Theory and Practice; 4/1/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...Distributive Justice and Disability: Utilitarianism against Egalitarianism (New Haven...case that, pitted head-to-head, utilitarianism is the clear winner. Egalitarian...resource and welfare egalitarianism, utilitarianism offers a "golden mean" that redistributes...
	Can utilitarianism justify legal rights with moral force?(Preferences and Rational Choice: New Perspectives and Legal Implications) Magazine article from: University of Pennsylvania Law Review; 1/1/2003; ; 700+ words ; David Lyons has argued that utilitarianism cannot justify legal rights with moral force. (1) He defined utilitarianism as the view that "the only sound...welfare." (2) He presented utilitarianism with the dilemma that even if...
	Hedonistic Utilitarianism. (book review) Magazine article from: The Philosophical Review; 7/1/2001; ; 700+ words ; ...distinctive version of hedonistic act utilitarianism. It is plainly written, forthright...introduces the advocated version of utilitarianism: AU A particular action is right...contrasted with subjective and rule utilitarianism. The theory is defended against structural...
	A fundamental objection to tax equity norms: a call for utilitarianism. Magazine article from: National Tax Journal; 12/1/1995; ; 700+ words ; ...simplest and most studied norm is utilitarianism, which favors whatever regime produces...tax policy analysts do not embrace utilitarianism, primarily for two reasons. First, they find utilitarianism to be insufficiently egalitarian...
	COLUMN: Utilitarianism challenges noise ordinances News Wire article from: University Wire; 10/24/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...somewhere, I was a strict utilitarian. Utilitarianism was advanced most famously by John...Randolph Hearst and even David Lee Roth. Utilitarianism is the theory that whatever course...8 units happier. It seems like utilitarianism only will have a clear outcome in...
	The fictive worlds of John Stuart Mill's utilitarianism.(Critical essay) Magazine article from: Nineteenth-Century Prose; 3/22/1995; ; 700+ words ; In his Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill presents his...populated by a personification of Utilitarianism itself and partly shaped by conflicting...unconsciously. In short, Mill's Utilitarianism is the product not only of a calculated...

For more facts and information, see all related premium articles

Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses

	Utilitarianism Dictionary entry from: New Dictionary of the History of Ideas UTILITARIANISM. Utilitarianism is the name of a group of ethical theories that judges the...or punishment. This is so, moreover, even as critics of utilitarianism as a normative ethical theory have become more numerous. Classically...
	utilitarianism Book article from: The Oxford Companion to British History utilitarianism is the moral philosophy which asserts...Jeremy Bentham , the systematizer of utilitarianism, an action is right if, and only...greatest number. Bentham presented utilitarianism as a practical guide to both individual...
	Jeremy Bentham Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography ...expounded the ethical doctrine known as utilitarianism. Partly through his work many political...English intellectual life. Bentham's Utilitarianism In 1776 Bentham published Fragment...their actual usage and consequences. Utilitarianism may be defined as the thesis that...
	Henry Sidgwick Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...The basis of his thought was British utilitarianism. Analyzing the intuitionist and utilitarian...common sense rests on the principles of utilitarianism. In The Methods of Ethics (1874...systems based on intuitionism, and utilitarianism, and egoism, he concluded that intuitionism...
	Justice Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences ...rights or even of their lives, utilitarianism is often accused of failing to...toward individuals. In defense of utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873) argued in Utilitarianism (1863) that the claims of justice...

See all related entries