thyroxine
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | Date: 2008
thyroxine , substance secreted by the thyroid gland . The hormone thyroxine forms by combining the amino acid tyrosine with iodine. Complexed to a protein, it is stored in the follicle stems between thyroid cells. Thyroxine enters into the bloodstream complexed to another protein, plasma globulin. Thyroxine increases the number and activity of mitochondria in cells by binding to the cells' DNA, increasing the basal metabolic rate. Administration of thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine, causes an increase in the rate of carbohydrate metabolism and a rise in the rate of protein synthesis and breakdown. The hormone, which excites the nervous system and leads to increased activity of the endocrine system , remains active in the body for more than a month. Thyroxine activity is controlled by thyrotropin , a substance released from the pituitary gland . Conversely, thyroxine regulates the effect of thyrotropin by feedback inhibition, i.e., high levels of thyroxine depress the rate of thyrotropin secretion. Synthetically prepared thyroxine is used clinically in the treatment of thyroid gland deficiency diseases in adults and in the treatment of cretinism in children.
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses
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thyroxine
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
... in all cells and tissues in the body. Thyroxine is formed by the addition of iodine ... the latter is in a protein-bound form. Thyroxine secretion is excessive in hyperthyroidism and deficient in hypothyroidism. thyroxine thyroxine thyroxine
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Hypothyroidism
Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy through Adolescence
... gland fails to produce or secrete as much thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyonine (T 3 ) as ... using a test that measures the levels of thyroxine in the infant's blood. If the levels ... metabolism. Also called thyrotropin. Thyroxine (T 4 ) — The thyroid hormone that ...
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thyrotropin
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
... stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine . The release of thyrotropin is triggered ... the conversion of diiodotyrosine to thyroxine, and the secretion of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. Thyroxine inhibits the further release of thyrotropin ...
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The Endocrine System
U*X*L Complete Health Resource
... the larynx that affects growth and metabolism. Thyroxine (thigh-ROK-seen): Hormone secreted by the thyroid ... follicles. The follicles release two main hormones, thyroxine and calcitonin. Thyroxine regulates the rate of metabolism and, in children ...
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thyroid gland
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
... the thyroid hormone is converted into thyroxine and small quantities of the other closely related thyroid hormones. The amount of thyroxine production (and therefore the metabolic ... thyroid secretes too little or too much thyroxine. Deficiencies in thyroid secretion (hypothyroidism ...
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