symbolists
From: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
|
Date: 2008
symbolists in literature, a school originating in France toward the end of the 19th cent. in reaction to the naturalism and realism of the period. Designed to convey impressions by suggestion rather than by direct statement, symbolism found its first expression in poetry but was later extended to the other arts. The early symbolists experimented with form, revolting against the rigidity of the Parnassians with a free verse that has outlived the movement itself. The precursors of the school, all influenced by Baudelaire, included Verlaine, Mallarmé, and Rimbaud. They were accused of writing with a decadent morbidity, partly as the result of their utilization of imagination as a reality. The movement was continued in poetry by Laforgue, Moréas, and Régnier; in drama by Maeterlinck; in criticism by Remy de Gourmont; and in music by Debussy. Among the later symbolists were Claudel, Valéry, Jammes, and the critic Camille Mauclair. The influence of the French symbolists not only gave rise to similar schools in England, Germany, and other countries, but also may be traced in the development of the imagists and decadents ; it is likewise evident in the work of Arthur Symons, T. S. Eliot, Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, Eugene O'Neill, Hart Crane, Wallace Stevens, Dylan Thomas, William Faulkner, and E. E. Cummings.
Bibliography: See C. M. Bowra, The Heritage of Symbolism (1943); W. K. Cornell, The Symbolist Movement (1970); A. Balakian, The Symbolist Movement (1967, repr. 1977) and ed., The Symbolist Movement in the Literature of European Languages (1982).
Author not available, SYMBOLISTS.,
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
For permission to reuse this article, contact Copyright Clearance Center.
Related articles from HighBeam Research:
|
Acquisto, Joseph. French Symbolist Poetry and the Idea of Music.(Book review)
Nineteenth-Century French Studies; 9/22/2007; Lees, Health; 949 words;
... the overtones that characterize the symbolists. If there is any finite search running ... book, it is as much a search for the symbolists' idea of poetry as it is for their idea ... music. This is not mere word-play. The symbolists' territorial jousting with music could ...
|
|
THE MOVING IMAGE: JUDITH WRIGHT'S SYMBOLIST LANGUAGE.(Critical Essay)
Southerly; 3/22/2001; HAWKE, JOHN; 7353 words;
... ntext';(6) the lost Eden of Brennan and the Symbolists is already implicit here. It is in section ... aestheticism which underlies the later Symbolists' rejection of the World for the Word ... poetic theories of Blake, Shelley and the Symbolists.(65) In the title-poem, `The Moving ...
|
|
|
Becoming political: Symbolist literature and the Third Republic.
Nineteenth-Century French Studies; 3/22/2005; Shryock, Richard; 5952 words;
... the fact that an important group of Symbolists supported General Boulanger's attempts ... politics. (3) The confusion surrounding the Symbolists' relationship to politics derives in ... politics. It was not uncommon to find Symbolists decrying politics and expressing their ...
|
|
Signs of Anarchy: aesthetics, politics, and the Symbolist critic at the Mercure de France, 1890--95.
French Forum; 1/1/2004; Williams, Erin M.; 9656 words;
... decadence was more apt, whether the symbolists were only pseudo-decadents, or the decadents merely profane symbolists. Adolphe Rette would later nostalgically ... arguably the staunchest defender of the Symbolists in literature and their most comprehensive ...
|
|
Heroic Poetry and Revolutionary Prophecy: Russian symbolists translate the Hebrew poets
Judaism; 10/1/2002; Slobin, Greta N; 3795 words;
... at that time by distinguished Russian Symbolists. Not knowing Hebrew, the Russian translators ... sense of an impending cataclysm. The Symbolists believed in the potential power of poetry ... Bialik translations were done by major Symbolists-F. Sologub, V. Ivanov, and V. Briusov ...
|
|
|
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel: a theme in symbolist art.(Critical Essay)
Nineteenth-Century French Studies; 3/22/2004; Singletary, Suzanne M.; 6251 words;
... Baudelaire's criticism and absorbed by later Symbolists. Dedoublement or the process of creating ... 794). Virtually deified by the French Symbolists, Wagner portrays the artist as seer ... conception chat greatly impacts upon later Symbolists. Hegel's conceptualization of the Idea ...
|
|
The elusive Symbolist movement
International Herald Tribune; 3/17/2007; Roderick Conway Morris; 1217 words;
... Numerous personal contacts were forged by Symbolists in different countries. Burne-Jones ... happens, common in the works of other Symbolists of various nations.)The Symbolist movement ... extremes were extensively portrayed by the Symbolists, but the latter category frequently ...
|
|
French symbolist poetry and the idea of music.(Brief Article)(Book Review)
Reference & Research Book News; 11/1/2006; 127 words;
... the style from Idealism. The study considers the disappearance of composer Richard Wagner from French symbolist writing, the understanding of music as the opposite to poetry, and Royere's idea of musicism. ([c]20062005 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR)
|
|
Visual Art: Morbid fantasies and dark dreams Kingdom of the Soul: Symbolist art in Germany, 1870-1920 Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
The Independent - London; 6/18/2000; SIMON MORLEY; 569 words;
... but they shouldn't have worried. It's true that it does seem to be rather morbid. The dark side is definitely the German Symbolists' world, with the artist cast as a kind of visionary capable of seeing beyond death into the transcendent realm. What do they ...
|
|
"Beaucoup de bruit pour rien": Mallarme's 'ptyx' and the Symbolist "bric-a-brac."
The Romanic Review; 1/1/1995; McGuinness, Patrick; 4407 words;
Les autres symbolistes renferment et agitent un certain bric-a-brac concret de sensations et d'objets aimes par leur epoque . . . Antonin Artaud, 1923(1) Bibelots d'emplois incertains, Fleurs mortes aux seins des almees, Cheveux, dons de vierges charmees, Crepons arraches aux catins. Tableaux
|
|
|
Embodied texts; symbolist playwright-dancer collaborations.(Brief Article)(Book Review)
Reference & Research Book News; 2/1/2008; 182 words;
... enhanced spiritual states. Along the way she also gives full due to such as Claude Debussy, Isadora Duncan, Darious Milhaud and Eleanora Duse as they experimented with what could have been an eternal art form. ([c]20082005 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR)
|
&type=1 "The Birmingham Post (England)")
|
The misty realms of the German psyche; Kingdom of the Soul: Symbolist Art in Germany, 1870-1920. Edited by Ingrid Ehrhardt and Simon Reynolds (Prestel pounds 45). Reviewed by Richard Edmonds.
The Birmingham Post (England); 7/1/2000; 947 words;
Who reads Swedenborg today? Scarcely anyone I imagine, except students and those engaged upon research projects. But once upon a time it was the French novelist Balzac who expounded his theories in the novel Seraphita thus turning Swedenborg into a Symbolist hero, sage, spiritualist and dandy.
|
|
|
Arts: The good, the bad and the ugly It was all or nothing for the German Symbolists. The boldness of their paintings is still astounding. So why aren't they as famous as Gauguin or Klimt?
The Independent - London; 5/30/2000; Tom Lubbock; 1151 words;
Imagine the scene: a golden dawn, a mysterious gloaming, a mountain top, the rolling ocean, deep forest, a temple, a garden of innocence, an island of the dead, the pit itself - and then centaurs and sirens and Amazons, voluptuous Eves and Salomes, writhing serpents, devils, dragons, monsters of
|
&type=1 "The Independent (London, England)")
|
Visual arts: Snapshots of the subconscious; The Russian symbolist `photo-painter' Rinat Voligamsi gets his first show in Britain.(Features)
The Independent (London, England); 6/3/2004; Borissova, Elena; 490 words;
Byline: Elena Borissova BRINGING THE photo-surrealist Rinat Voligamsi to London was no easy task for Slade-trained art dealer Oksana Kolomenskaya, who had to convince a cabal of Russian entrepreneurs - who had signed up the artist - to let him exhibit in the West. But her dedication paid off, and
|
&type=1 "The Record (Bergen County, NJ)")
|
Symbolist for frightening emotions
The Record (Bergen County, NJ); 2/17/2006; JOHN ZEAMAN, STAFF WRITER; 1082 words;
JOHN ZEAMAN, STAFF WRITER The Record (Bergen County, NJ) 02-17-2006 Symbolist for frightening emotions -- Munch painted the dark hours By JOHN ZEAMAN, STAFF WRITER Date: 02-17-2006, Friday Section: GO! Edtion: All Editions EDVARD MUNCH: The Modern Life of the Soul Exhibit at the Museum of Modern
|
See all results from premium newspaper and magazine articles, images, maps and more at HighBeam Research.
Related articles from newspapers, magazines and other sources:
Heroic poetry and revolutionary prophecy: Russian symbolists translate the Hebrew poets.
Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life and Thought; 9/22/2002; Slobin, Greta N.; 4642 words;
|
Lost paradise. (exhibit of European symbolist art)
Art Journal; 3/22/1996; Morowitz, Laura; 2602 words;
|
Russian Opera and the Symbolist Movement.(Book Review)
The Modern Language Review; 7/1/2004; Galbraith, Helen; 1202 words;
|
British symbolists. (traveling exhibition)
The Magazine Antiques; 11/1/1997; Kramer, Miriam; 386 words;
|
Thierry De Cordier.(Paris)(paintings, drawings and sculptures that reveal the artist's affinity with the Symbolists)
Artforum International; 9/1/2003; Schwabsky, Barry; 543 words;
|
Landscapes and faery: in 1904 the Irish symbolist writer and artist AE (George William Russell) held his first public exhibition of paintings, in Dublin. Diana Beale reconstructs its contents and assesses its importance.
Apollo; 12/1/2004; Beale, Diana; 3625 words;
|
(book reviews)
Art Journal; 3/22/1996; Morowitz, Laura; 2602 words;
|
Paciurea's Chimeras.(Dimitrie Paciurea)
Apollo; 10/1/2003; Miller, Sanda; 4723 words;
|
Imagining the motherland: Puvis de Chavannes, modernism, and the fantasy of France. (Puvis de Chavannes' mural 'Summer')
The Art Bulletin; 12/1/1997; Shaw, Jennifer L.; 23975 words;
|
Naming and not naming: Tennyson and Mallarme.
Victorian Poetry; 3/22/2005; Caws, Mary Ann Joseph, Gerhard; 8898 words;
|
|
|