intermolecular forces
intermolecular forces forces that are exerted by molecules on each other and that, in general, affect the macroscopic properties of the material of which the molecules are a part. Such forces may be either attractive or repulsive in nature. They are conveniently divided into two classes: short-range forces, which operate when the centers of the molecules are separated by 3 angstroms or less, and long-range forces, which operate at greater distances. Generally, if molecules do not tend to interact chemically, the short-range forces between them are repulsive. These forces arise from interactions of the electrons associated with the molecules and are also known as exchange forces. Molecules that interact chemically have attractive exchange forces; these are also known as valence forces. Mechanical rigidity of molecules and effects such as limited compressibility of matter arise from repulsive exchange forces. Long-range forces, or van der Waals forces as they are also called, are attractive and account for a wide range of physical phenomena, such as friction , surface tension , adhesion and cohesion of liquids and solids, viscosity , and the discrepancies between the actual behavior of gases and that predicted by the ideal gas law . Van der Waals forces arise in a number of ways, one being the tendency of electrically polarized molecules to become aligned. Quantum theory indicates also that in some cases the electrostatic fields associated with electrons in neighboring molecules constrain the electrons to move more or less in phase.
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IDB LAUNCHES JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK PRIZE TO RECOGNIZE THE WORK OF INSTITUTIONS IN LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 12/19/2008; 671 words
; ...IDB) today launched the "Juscelino Kubitschek Latin American and Caribbean...scientific development. Juscelino Kubitschek was a distinguished Brazilian...integration. "President Juscelino Kubitschek was an eminent, inspired...
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DISTINGUISHED LATIN AMERICAN, CARIBBEAN LEADERS TO SELECT RECIPIENTS OF IDB'S JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK PRIZE
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 2/2/2009; 589 words
; ...institutions that will receive the "Juscelino Kubitschek Latin American and Caribbean...scientific development. Juscelino Kubitschek was a distinguished Brazilian...nominate institutions for the Juscelino Kubitschek Prize. Nominations must...
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CONDOLEEZZA RICE DELIVERS REMARKS AT THE MEMORIAL MUSEUM OF JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK
News Wire article from: Political Transcript Wire; 4/27/2005; 700+ words
; ...RICE DELIVERS REMARKS AT THE MEMORIAL MUSEUM OF JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK, AS RELEASED BY THE STATE DEPARTMENT APRIL 27...really honored to be here at the Memorial Museum of Juscelino Kubitschek the founder of Brazil's great capital of Brasilia...
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CONDOLEEZZA RICE U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE CONDOLEEZZA RICE DELIVERS REMARKS AT THE MEMORIAL MUSEUM OF JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK
Transcript from: Washington Transcript Service; 4/27/2005; 700+ words
; ...RICE DELIVERS REMARKS AT THE MEMORIAL MUSEUM OF JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK, AS RELEASED BY THE STATE DEPARTMENT APRIL 27...really honored to be here at the Memorial Museum of Juscelino Kubitschek the founder of Brazil's great capital of Brasilia...
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TWO SELECTED INSTITUTIONS TO EACH RECEIVE U.S. $100.000 AWARD
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 2/3/2009; 585 words
; ...institutions that will receive the "Juscelino Kubitschek Latin American and Caribbean...scientific development. Juscelino Kubitschek was a distinguished Brazilian...nominate institutions for the Juscelino Kubitschek Prize. Nominations must...
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Microfinance Leader Awarded Prestigious IDB Prize for Latin American Development.
PR Newswire; 4/30/2009; 700+ words
; ...Development Bank's First "Juscelino Kubitschek Award" BOSTON, April 30...American Development Bank's "Juscelino Kubitschek Award" for its contributions...The award is named for Juscelino Kubitschek, president of Brazil from...
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Breaking news: Operation Condor
Magazine article from: NACLA Report on the Americas; 7/1/2000; ; 700+ words
; ...presidents, Joao Goulart and Juscelino Kubitschek, announced that the deaths of...to be missing. The death of Kubitschek also raised questions. President between 1956 and 1961, Kubitschek then became a senator. After...
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BRAZIL SET FOR RADICAL CHANGE.(MAIN)
Newspaper article from: Albany Times Union (Albany, NY); 10/6/2002; 700+ words
; ...Bacha. In the 1950s, President Juscelino Kubitschek seized the country by the scruff...differences and paid tribute to Kubitschek -- the leader they all aspire to be. At ceremonies in Kubitschek's home state of Minas Gerais on...
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Brazil Mulls Leftist President
News Wire article from: AP Online; 10/6/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...Bacha. In the 1950s, President Juscelino Kubitschek seized the country by the scruff...their differences and paid tribute to Kubitschek _ the leader they all aspire to be. At ceremonies in Kubitschek's home state of Minas Gerais on...
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Brazilians Mull Leftist President
News Wire article from: AP Online; 10/6/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...Bacha. In the 1950s, President Juscelino Kubitschek seized the country by the scruff...their differences and paid tribute to Kubitschek _ the leader they all aspire to be. At ceremonies in Kubitschek's home state of Minas Gerais on...
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Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (1902-1976) was president of Brazil...men who seized control of Brazil in April of 1964. Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira was born on September 12, 1902 in the poor...
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Juscelino Kubitschek
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Juscelino Kubitschek , 1902-76, president of Brazil...national debt reached almost $4 billion. Kubitschek was succeeded in office by Janio Quadros...after a military takeover in Brazil, Kubitschek was deprived of his political rights...
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Kubitschek, Juscelino
Book article from: A Dictionary of World History
Kubitschek, Juscelino (1902–76) Brazilian statesman. He was governor of the Province of Minas Gerais (1950–56), where he...
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Kubitschek (de Oliveira), Juscelino
Book article from: A Dictionary of Contemporary World History
Kubitschek (de Oliveira), Juscelino (b. 12 Sept. 1902, d. 22 Aug. 1976). President of Brazil...mismanagement. These factors led to the surprise defeat of Kubitschek at the 1960 elections. Renominated for President in 1964...
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Lojas Arapua S.A.
Book article from: International Directory of Company Histories
...elections after 1945. Under the preshrefency of Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira from 1956 to 1961, Brazil ’...largely financed through borrowing. During the Kubitschek administration the nation ’ s foreign...
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