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baryon
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | Date: 2008
baryon [Gr.,=heavy], class of elementary particles that includes the proton , the neutron , and a large number of unstable, heavier particles, known as hyperons. From a technical point of view, baryons are strongly interacting fermions; i.e., they experience the strong nuclear force and are described by the Fermi-Dirac statistics, which apply to all particles obeying the Pauli exclusion principle . All members of the baryon family of particles adhere to the law of conservation of baryon family number (see conservation laws , in physics); the baryon family number is +1 for ordinary baryons and -1 for antibaryons (see antiparticle ). In any particle interaction, the sum of the baryon family numbers of the interacting particles must equal the sum for the resulting particles. In reactions involving only nucleons, this law requires that the total number of nucleons be the same before and after the reaction. In addition to the nucleons (protons and neutrons), other members of the baryon family include the lambda, sigma, delta, xi, and N particles, as well as a series of higher-mass recurrences of each of these particles. These recurrences may be considered excited states of the lowest-mass member of the series.
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
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Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses
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baryon
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
... member of one of two classes of hadrons . Baryons are heavy subatomic particles made up of three quarks . They are characterized by a baryon number, , of 1, and have half-integer ... antimatter ), called antibaryons, have a baryon number of 1. Both protons and neutrons ...
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proton
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
Stable subatomic particle (one of the baryon s) with a unit of positive electric charge and a mass 1,836 times that of the electron . Protons are found in the atomic nucleus ...
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meson
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
... those of the lepton class of lighter particles and those of the baryon class of heavier particles. From a technical point of view ... the lighter mesons. The heaviest mesons are heavier than some baryons, such as the proton and neutron, but their classification as ...
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hyperon
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
, class of elementary particles heavier than nucleons ( proton and neutron ). The nucleons and the hyperons together make up the baryon family of particles.
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elementary particles
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
... were classified as either mesons or baryons ; it is now known that mesons consist of quark-antiquark pairs and that baryons consist of quark triplets. The meson ... particles. The lightest members of the baryon class are the proton and neutron, and ...
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