ammonium group
ammonium group in chemistry, a positively charged nitrogen atom joined by single bonds to four other atoms or groups. The simplest ammonium group, NH 4+ , is formed by protonation of ammonia , NH 3 , e.g., by its reaction with hydrogen chloride, HCl, to form ammonium chloride, NH 4 Cl, an ammonium compound. Organic ammonium compounds are formed by the reaction of an alkyl halide with an amine (see amino group ), for example, ethyl chloride, C 2 H 5 Cl, reacts with triethylamine, (C 2 H 5 ) 3 N, to form tetraethyl ammonium chloride, (C 2 H 5 ) 4 N + Cl - . They are also formed by reaction of an amine with a mineral acid or by reaction of an alkyl halide with ammonia.
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More than one secret in the life of Nicholas Copernicus.(Copernicus Secret: How the Scientific Revolution Began)(Book review)
Magazine article from: Science & Spirit; 3/1/2008; 700+ words
; ...reader of this enjoyable new biography of Nicholas Copernicus, provocatively titled Copernicus' Secret, will realize that there is more...anyone knows: that the sixty-something Copernicus, a Catholic cleric with a lifelong vow of...
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Researchers from Nicholas Copernicus University detail new studies and findings in the area of corneal dystrophies.
Newspaper article from: Biotech Week; 12/10/2008; 700+ words
; ...Kaluzny and colleagues, Nicholas Copernicus University (see also Corneal...contact B.J. Kaluzny, Nicholas Copernicus University, College Medical...Dystrophy, Ophthalmology, Nicholas Copernicus University. This article...
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Research from Nicholas Copernicus University yields new findings on life sciences.
Newspaper article from: Biotech Week; 11/4/2009; 627 words
; ...Nowaczyk and colleagues, Nicholas Copernicus University. The researchers...information, contact A. Nowaczyk, Nicholas Copernicus University, College Med Bydgoszcz...Biotechnology Company, Nicholas Copernicus University. This article...
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Research from Nicholas Copernicus University yields new findings on chaos research.(Report)
Newspaper article from: Robotics & Machine Learning; 12/1/2008; 644 words
; ...Orzeszko and colleagues, Nicholas Copernicus University. The researchers...contacting W. Orzeszko, Nicholas Copernicus University, Torun, Poland...Keywords: Chaos Research, Nicholas Copernicus University. This article...
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Research from Nicholas Copernicus University yields new data on metal chemistry.
Newspaper article from: Chemicals & Chemistry; 11/21/2008; 682 words
; ...Topolski and colleagues, Nicholas Copernicus University. The researchers...information, contact A. Topolski, Nicholas Copernicus University, Dept. of Chemical...Netherlands. Keywords: Metals, Nicholas Copernicus University. This article...
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Research from Nicholas Copernicus University has provided new information about astrophysics.
Newspaper article from: Physics Week; 6/16/2009; 700+ words
; ...Pazderska and colleagues, Nicholas Copernicus University. The researchers...contact B.M. Pazderska, Nicholas Copernicus University, Torun Center...France. Keywords: Astronomy, Nicholas Copernicus University. This article...
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Research from Nicholas Copernicus University, Medical Department in the area of chemistry published.
Newspaper article from: Chemicals & Chemistry; 5/22/2009; 700+ words
; ...Cysewski and colleagues, Nicholas Copernicus University, Medical Department...contacting P. Cysewski, Nicholas Copernicus University, College Medical...Mechanics, Quantum Physics, Nicholas Copernicus University, Medical Department...
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Study findings from Nicholas Copernicus University broaden understanding of angiology.(Report)
Newspaper article from: Biotech Week; 3/25/2009; 700+ words
; ...D. Nowak and colleagues, Nicholas Copernicus University. The researchers...contact D. Nowak, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, College...Histology, Left Coronary Artery, Nicholas Copernicus University. This article was...
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Findings from Nicholas Copernicus University provide new insights into physics.
Newspaper article from: Physics Week; 10/6/2009; 694 words
; ...Stanke and colleagues, Nicholas Copernicus University. The researchers...information, contact M. Stanke, Nicholas Copernicus University, Institute Physics...Electrodynamics, Quantum Physics, Nicholas Copernicus University. This article...
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Researchers from Nicholas Copernicus University describe findings in physical chemistry.
Newspaper article from: Electronics Newsweekly; 5/20/2009; 700+ words
; ...J. Fisz and colleagues, Nicholas Copernicus University. The researchers...information, contact J.J. Fisz, Nicholas Copernicus University, Institute Physics...Photons, Technology, Physics, Nicholas Copernicus University. This article...
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Nicholas Copernicus
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Nicholas Copernicus , Pol. Mikotaj Kopérnik, 1473-1543, Polish astronomer...probably completed by 1530 but was not published until 1543, when Copernicus was on his deathbed. Modern astronomy was built upon the foundation...
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Copernicus, Nicholas
Book article from: Space Sciences
Copernicus, Nicholas Polish Astronomer 1473-1543 Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who changed humankind's view of the universe. Greek astronomers, particularly Ptolemy, had argued that Earth was the center of the universe with...
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Brahe, Tycho (1546-1601)
Book article from: World of Earth Science
...Brahe, who rejected the Sun-centered theory of Nicholas Copernicus because it not only violated scripture, it contradicted...made a single rotation each day. This would follow Copernicus's theory, do away with the Greeks' planetary...
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Natural Theology
Book article from: American Eras
...colonized, faith and reason seemed complementary. Nicholas Copernicus was a Catholic clergyman. Christopher Columbus thought...ironically welcomed the new science. The discoveries of Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Sir Isaac Newton led to greater...
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Russian State Library
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Russian History
...and Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna, wife of Tsar Nicholas II. The library also acquired book and manuscript...of Renaissance thinkers and scientists, including Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo, Giordano Bruno, Ren é Descartes...
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