aflatoxins
From: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
|
Date: 2008
aflatoxins , a group of secondary metabolites that are cancer-causing byproducts of a mold that grows on nuts and grains, particularly peanuts. Although aflatoxin is most commonly produced when the potentially affected foods are improperly stored, recent studies have documented its production in the field, particularly if severe climatic changes occur or if the plants are attacked by insects. Most industrialized nations strictly regulate the aflatoxin level in human food. However, many of these products are used in animal feed, and if an animal consumes infected food, the aflatoxin passes to people in contaminated milk and meat products. Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic for certain animals, particularly cattle. Among humans, it is associated with liver cancer, particularly in Third World nations where malnutrition and other health problems are also prevalent.
Author not available, AFLATOXINS.,
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2008
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press
For permission to reuse this article, contact Copyright Clearance Center.
Related articles from HighBeam Research:
|
Healthy groundnuts: controlling aflatoxins.
International Trade Forum; 4/1/1999; 956 words;
... incoming shipments for the total amount of aflatoxins and reject those exceeding the permitted ... aware of the public health risks of aflatoxins, nor of related quality requirements ... regulations in importing countries. Aflatoxins could slip into the food chain and endanger ...
|
|
Fighting aflatoxins' risks.(Brief Article)
On The Plate; 11/17/2001; 186 words;
... chlorophyll -- to reduce the cancer risk from aflatoxins. Aflotoxin is a naturally occurring ... especially in many developing countries. Aflatoxins are suspected in causing liver cancer ... might help in reducing the risk from aflatoxins. The findings were published in the ...
|
|
Dietary Exposure to Human Hepatocarcinogens, Aflatoxins, Micronutrient Deficiency, and Child Growth in Benin, West Africa
The Journal of Nutrition; 12/1/2004; Gong, Y Y; Turner, P C; Hounsa, A; White, K L; Et al; 438 words;
Dietary Exposure to Human Hepatocarcinogens, Aflatoxins, Micronutrient Deficiency, and Child Growth in Benin, West ... School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Aflatoxins are proven hepatocarcinogens and are immunosuppressive ...
|
|
NEW MEASURES TO IMPROVE TESTS FOR AFLATOXINS IN IMPORTED NUTS.(Brief Article)
European Report; 7/26/2003; 229 words;
... been adopted by the European Commission to make tests for aflatoxins in nuts imported into the European Union from China, Turkey ... prevent the carcinogenic substances aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins, which are generated through fungal infections in nut consignments ...
|
|
Dietary aflatoxins, toxins produced by mold that grows in nuts, seeds, and legumes, are considered an important risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).(POSTSCRIPTS)
Nutrition Health Review; 9/22/2005; 89 words;
Dietary aflatoxins, toxins produced by mold that grows in nuts, seeds, and legumes, are considered an important risk factor for the development of ...
|
|
A European Commission (EC) regulation of 2001 already sets maximum levels for the permitted level of aflatoxins in foodstuffs.(IN THE NEWS ...)(Brief article)
The Food Institute Report; 10/2/2006; 62 words;
A European Commission (EC) regulation of 2001 already sets maximum levels for the permitted level of aflatoxins in foodstuffs. However, the EC says the limits have been regularly exceeded in peanuts, pistachios, dried figs, hazelnuts and Brazil ...
|
|
Safety First.(European Union bans some edibles infected with aflatoxins)(Brief Article)
Foreign Policy; 1/1/2001; 301 words;
... blacklist is a group of chemicals called aflatoxins that are produced by fungi and have ... pistachios, and walnuts. High levels of aflatoxins have been linked to liver cancer, although ... has put severe limits on the levels of aflatoxins that can enter its borders--restrictions ...
|
|
European Health Regulations and Brazil Nuts: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Rural Livelihoods in the Amazon.
Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy; 6/22/2000; Newing, Helen Harrop, Stuart; 7223 words;
... which decreases acceptable levels of aflatoxins in Brazil nuts to 4 parts per billion ... reduce the maximum acceptable level of aflatoxins - carcinogenic chemicals produced by ... Regulation. 3. Food Quality Issues 3.1 Aflatoxins and health The harmful effects of mycotoxins ...
|
|
Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Dry-Grind Ethanol Process
Cereal Chemistry; 5/1/2005; Murthy, Ganti S; Townsend, Devon E; Meerdink, Gavin L; Bargren, Gerald L; Et al; 2302 words;
ABSTRACT Aflatoxins, like all mycotoxins, are toxic fungal ... effects on animals and human beings. Aflatoxins are a major concern for the dry-grind ... processing industry as it is believed that aflatoxins affect yeast and reduce its efficacy ...
|
|
The critical care of aflatoxin-induced liver failure in dogs
Veterinary Medicine; 10/1/2007; Furrow, Eva; 4212 words;
... TREATMENT Because no specific antidote for aflatoxins is available, treatment is aimed at supportive ... derangements (Table 1). Detoxification Aflatoxins typically do not produce signs of toxicosis ... methods are not indicated. Once absorbed, aflatoxins are rapidly metabolized in the liver ... oxidative ...
|
|
A review on biological control and metabolism of aflatoxin
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition; 1/1/2003; Mishra, H N; Das, Chitrangada; 10208 words;
... are also discussed. I. INTRODUCTION Aflatoxins are a group of closely related heterocyclic ... flavus (Hesseltine, 1979). Subsequently, aflatoxins were found in other feeds, especially ... commodities. The potential hazard of aflatoxins to human health has led to worldwide ...
|
|
Occurrence of aflatoxin in some of the food and feed in Nepal
Indian Journal of Medical Sciences; 8/1/2005; Koirala, P; Kumar, S; Yadav, B; Premarajan, K; 2175 words;
INTRODUCTION Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by certain fungi ... Genetic activity and hazards of mycotoxins. ASM News 1980;46: 80-3. 2. Newbrene PM. The new world of mycotoxins ... Morbidity in neonates of mothers who have ingested aflatoxins. Ann Trop Paediatr 2004;24:145-51. 12. Ram BP, ...
|
|
Silencing of the Aflatoxin Gene Cluster in a Diploid Strain of Aspergillus flavus Is Suppressed by Ectopic aflR Expression
Genetics; 8/1/2007; Smith, Carrie A; Woloshuk, Charles P; Robertson, Dominique; Payne, Gary A; 6511 words;
ABSTRACT Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced ... LEAICH, L. L., and K. E. PAPA, 1974 Aflatoxins in mutants of Aspergillus flavus. Mycopathol ... is involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins B-1, G(1), B-2, and G(2). Appl. Environ ...
|
|
Farmers without fungus: how to store peanuts to reduce toxins.(This Week)
Science News; 6/11/2005; Harder, B.; 479 words;
... the carcinogenic contaminants called aflatoxins are abundant in subsistence crops, including ... cereals. Peanuts become tainted with aflatoxins during storage under hot, moist conditions ... shells that protect the edible kernels. Aflatoxins, which withstand cooking, occasionally ...
|
|
|
Strategies to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Animal Feed: A Review
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition; 11/20/2006; Kabak, Bulent; Dobson, Alan D W; Var, Isil; 25189 words;
... and agronomic perspective include the aflatoxins, trichothecenes, fumonisins, ochratoxin ... aflatoxigenic mould invasion with and aflatoxins production.1,63,64 Using of Biological ... aie A. flavus and A. parasiticus for aflatoxins,2 and Penicillium verrucosum is the ...
|
See all results from premium newspaper and magazine articles, images, maps and more at HighBeam Research.
Related articles from newspapers, magazines and other sources:
Protecting peanuts from aflatoxins.(The Beat)
Environmental Health Perspectives; 12/1/2004; Dooley, Erin E.; 123 words;
|
Postweaning exposure to aflatoxin results in impaired child growth: a longitudinal study in Benin, West Africa.(Children's Health)
Environmental Health Perspectives; 9/1/2004; Gong, Yunyun Hounsa, Assomption Egal, Sharif Turner, Paul C. Sutcliffe, Anne E. Hall, Andrew J. Cardwell, Kitty Wild, Christopher P.; 6096 words;
|
Workgroup report: public health strategies for reducing aflatoxin exposure in developing countries.(Research)
Environmental Health Perspectives; 12/1/2006; Strosnider, Heather Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Banziger, Marianne Bhat, Ramesh V. Breiman, Robert Brune, Marie-Noel DeCock, Kevin Dilley, Abby Groopman, John Hell, Kerstin Henry, Sara H. Jeffers, Daniel Jolly, Curtis Jolly, Pauline Kibata, Gilbert N. Lewis, Lauren Liu, Xiumei Luber, George McCoy, Leslie Mensah, Patience Miraglia, Marina Misore, Ambrose Njapau, Henry Ong, Choon-Nam Onsongo, Mary T.K. Page, Samuel W. Park, Douglas Patel, Masish Phillips, Timothy Pineiro, Maya Pronczuk, Jenny Rogers, Helen Schurz Rubin, Carol Sabino, Myrna Schaafsma, Arthur Shephard, Gordon Stroka, Joerg Wild, Christopher Williams, Jonathan T. Wilson, David; 8124 words;
|
Modification of immune function through exposure to dietary aflatoxin in Gambian children. (Children's Health).
Environmental Health Perspectives; 2/1/2003; Turner, Paul C. Moore, Sophie E. Hall, Andrew J. Prentice, Andrew M. Wild, Christopher P.; 4840 words;
|
Case-control study of an acute aflatoxicosis outbreak, Kenya, 2004.(Research / Environmental Medicine)
Environmental Health Perspectives; 12/1/2005; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Lindblade, Kimberly Gieseker, Karen Rogers, Helen Schurz Kieszak, Stephanie Njapau, Henry Schleicher, Rosemary McCoy, Leslie F. Misore, Ambrose DeCock, Kevin Rubin, Carol Slutsker, Laurence; 5318 words;
|
Foods can cause - or resist - cancer.
USA Today (Magazine); 10/1/1993; 368 words;
|
Liver cancer and aflatoxin: new information from the Kenyan outbreak.(Environews / Science Selections)
Environmental Health Perspectives; 12/1/2005; Barrett, Julia R.; 602 words;
|
MEDITECH/ELAN BIO VENTURE TO DEVELOP DISEASE SCANNERS.
Worldwide Biotech; 5/1/2003; 494 words;
|
Phytotherapy review & commentary: the impact of quality issues on the safety of herbal products.
Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients; 11/1/2003; Bone, Kerry; 6553 words;
|
Aflatoxin and Food Safety.(Brief Article)(Book Review)
SciTech Book News; 3/1/2006; 124 words;
|
|
|