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Tuva Republic

Tuva Republic , constituent republic (1990 est. pop. 366,000), 65,830 sq mi (170,500 sq km), extreme S Siberian Russia, on the Mongolian border. Kyzyl is the capital. The area is a mountain basin, c.2,000 ft (610 m) high, encircled by the Sayan and Tannu-Ola ranges. The eastern part is forested and elevated, and the west is a drier lowland. The area includes the upper course of the Yenisei River. There are many glacial lakes.

Cattle, horses, sheep, goats, reindeer, and camels are raised in the elevated steppe areas, and grain is cultivated in the irrigated lowlands. Lumbering is carried on extensively. The fur trade remains important in the northeast. Among the republic's industries are food processing; leather making; woodworking; auto repairing; and the manufacture of building materials.

Tuvans make up about 65% of the population, and Russians (who live primarily in urban areas) around 32%. Traditionally nomadic herders who engaged in supplemental hunting and agriculture, the Tuvans were encouraged by the Soviet government to adopt a sedentary mode of life, with an emphasis on collectivized agriculture. They are a Turkic-speaking people with Mongol strains; their religion is Tibetan Buddhism. The Tuvans have a rich folklore and are skilled artisans in silver, bronze, wood, and stone. They are also renowned for throat-singing, a vocal technique that enables a singer to produce two or three distinct tones simultaneously.

Controlled by the Mongols from the 13th to 18th cent., they were under Chinese rule from 1757 to 1911. During the 1911 revolution in China, czarist Russia fomented a separatist movement among the Tuvans, whose territory became nominally independent before being made a Russian protectorate in 1914. The chaos accompanying the Russian Revolution of 1917 allowed the Tuvans to again proclaim their independence; but in 1921 the Bolsheviks established a Tuvinian People's Republic, popularly called Tannu-Tuva. It was annexed by the USSR in 1944 as an autonomous region and became an autonomous republic in 1961. It was a signatory to the Mar. 31, 1992, treaty that created the Russian Federation (see Russia ).

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

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	Sheep for the shaman: few people have heard of Tuva, a small country at the heart of Asia. Still fewer know that Tuvans are shamans ... Magazine article from: New Internationalist; 5/1/1999; ; 674 words ; ...the far western mountains there are more Tuvans than anywhere else in Mongolia. Tuva...marks the absolute centre of Asia. The Tuvans first crossed the Altai range to Mongolia...local Kazakh community pray to Allah, the Tuvans have no God. They are Shamans. Shamanism... Read more
	Trial by error. Magazine article from: Masonry Construction; 9/1/2005; ; 232 words ; ...photo on the right (bottom) is what 522 built. At first glance it looks close enough, and seems to be a quality job. But the upper course pattern with a few misoriented bricks on the top row at the back left corner wasn't what the designer wanted. When the points... Read more
	Hearing Birds Fly: A Nomadic Year in Mongolia. (Mixed Media).(Book Review) Magazine article from: New Internationalist; 6/1/2003; ; 228 words ; ...the space of a book she is able to convey just how well she got to know the people and the place: her friendships with nomadic Tuvans and Kazakhs; her experience of Mongolian winter, breaking ice and chopping wood; or just coping with fear, loneliness, herding... Read more
	Dayak kings among Malay sultans (1). (Research Notes). Magazine article from: Borneo Research Bulletin; 1/1/1999; ; 700+ words ; Among a score of Melayu (Muslim Malay) sultanates found throughout West Kalimantan, both along its coasts and on the upper course of its rivers, there once existed a Dayak kingdom known as Kerajaan Ulu Are or Kerajaan Ulu Aik ( Kingdom of the... Read more
	Mother-Earth! Father-Sky!(Mixed Media)(Sound recording review)(Brief article) Magazine article from: New Internationalist; 1/1/2009; 255 words ; ...Huur-Tu's tight control provides the grounding over which Sainkho's voice so effortlessly soars. For this studio album, the Tuvans are all on familiar ground: much of Mother-Earth! Father-Sky! is inspired by folk song, but the musicians' verve gives them... Read more

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Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses

	Tuva and Tuvinians Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Russian History TUVA AND TUVINIANS The Tuva Republic in southern Siberia is...Previously called the Tuva Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), the constitution...autonomous oblast. In 1961 Tuva became an autonomous republic. Tuvinians are mostly... Read more
	Tuva Book article from: Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names Tuva, Russia Tyva/Tannu‐Tuva Formerly a province and now a republic named after the Tuvans. It was part of the...Russians. It was independent as the Tannu‐Tuva People's Republic in 1921–44 when it was annexed by the... Read more
	Tannu-Tuva Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition see Tuva Republic . Read more
	Kyzyl Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition or Kizil , city (1989 pop. 85,000), capital of Tuva Republic , S Siberian Russia, on the Yenisei River. It services motor transport and has brickyards, sawmills, furniture factories, and food-processi... Read more
	Buryats Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Russian History ...Soviet authorities and had an autonomous republic of its own, along with the Yakuts...Kalmyks, and Karelians. Of the five republics located east of the Ural Mountains...Buryatia, Gorno-Altay, Khakassia, and Tuva — extend along Russia's southern...immediate post-Soviet years, the Buryat ... Read more

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