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Tenochtitlán

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition | 2008 | The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright 2008 Columbia University Press. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Tenochtitlán , ancient city in the central valley of Mexico. The capital of the Aztec , it was founded (c.AD 1345) on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco. It was a flourishing city (with an estimated population of between 200,000 and 300,000), connected with the mainland by three great causeways. These ran along massive dike constructions erected to prevent the salty floodwaters of the eastern lake from mingling with the freshwater surrounding the island city. The dikes thereby protected the unique system of lake agriculture known as chinampas. Canals within the chinampas served to convey traffic throughout the city, including to and from the bustling, highly organized market at Tlatelolco. The ceremonial precinct contained many structures, including a great pyramid sacred to the Aztec war god Huitzilopochtli . It was to Tenochtitlán and the court of Montezuma that Hernán Cortés came, and it was from Tenochtitlán that the Spanish fled on the night of June 30, 1520, under heavy Aztec attack—the so-called noche triste. Cortés returned in 1521, took the city after a three-month siege, razed it, and captured the ruler, Cuauhtémoc , successor to Montezuma. The Spaniard founded present-day Mexico City on the ruins.

Bibliography: See studies in the Handbook of Middle American Indians, ed. by R. Wauchope (13 vol., 1964-73); M. P. Weaver, The Aztecs, Maya, and Their Predecessors (1972); E. M. Moctazuma, ed., Great Temples of the Aztecs: Treasures of Tenochtitlan (1988).

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Related entries from encyclopedias, dictionaries, and thesauruses

Lake Texcoco
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition see Mexico , city; Tenochtitlán . Read more
Montezuma
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...Montezuma I (ruled 1440-69), who carried on conquests around Tenochtitlán . His reign was marked by incessant warfare, and his despotic...That failing, he received them in his splendid court at Tenochtitlán in Nov., 1519. Cortés later seized him as a hostage and... Read more
Cuauhtémoc
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...the Spanish after the expulsion of Hernán Cortés from Tenochtitlán . He courageously defended his capital, but was taken prisoner...the Spaniards had perished with it in their flight from Tenochtitlán on the noche triste [sad night]. Cortés took Cuauhtémoc... Read more
Aztec
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...the 12th cent. and until the founding of their capital, Tenochtitlán (c.1325) were a poor, nomadic tribe absorbing the culture...through him. The Aztec revolted, Montezuma was killed, and Tenochtitlán was razed (1521). Cuauhtémoc , last of the emperors, was... Read more
Pedro de Alvarado
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...expedition (1518) of Juan de Grijalva, and was the chief lieutenant of Hernán Cortés in the conquest of Mexico. He commanded at Tenochtitlán in the absence of Cortés, and his brutality provoked a brief native rebellion. Sent out by Cortés in 1523, he conquered... Read more

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