Pattani
Pattani or Patani , city (1990 pop. 41,605), capital of Pattani prov., S Thailand, on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, near the mouth of the Gulf of Thailand. It is a port and the center of a region producing most of the spices grown in Thailand, as well as rubber and coconuts. Tin is mined and smelted, salt is extracted, and nests for bird's-nest soup are harvested. The people are for the most part Malay Muslims.
Pattani was a seat of the Sailendra power during the Sailendra domination of the Malay Peninsula and later was the center of a Malay state, which was drawn into the Thai orbit. With Ayutthaya , it was one of the first places in Siam opened to the Portuguese in the 16th cent. At first bound only by tenuous links of suzerainty to the courts of Ayutthaya and Bangkok, against which it was several times in revolt, the Pattani sultanate was annexed in 1902. The region has been the scene of attacks by Malay separatists (in the 1970s and 80s and again in the early 21st cent.).
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1. CLOVES DISAPPEAR FROM THE MARKET; IMPORT OPPORTUNITIES OPEN?
Magazine article from: Indonesian Commercial Newsletter; 7/27/1999; 700+ words
; Cloves, which provide one of the main basic materials...previously. The difficulties in procuring cloves may open an opportunity to import them like...happened in the 1970s, when Indonesia imported cloves in large quantities from Zanzibar. One...
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IMPLEMENTATION OF CLOVES PLANTS CONVERSION PROGRAM FACED WITH FUNDING PROBLEMS
Magazine article from: Indonesian Commercial Newsletter; 3/17/1997; 700+ words
; The implementation of the cloves plants conversion program in cloves - production centers is likely to lace funding problems...source of funds for this program is the proceeds from the cloves trading mechanism, which amount to Rp 1,000 for every...
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Clove and herbal cigarettes offer smokers change of pace.(Category Update: Clove & Herbal)
Magazine article from: Tobacco Retailer; 3/1/2008; ; 700+ words
; ...special occasions. Clove cigarettes contain...blend of tobacco and cloves. Cloves are the...aged tobacco and cloves, Thibodeau says. The aroma from a clove cigarette is very...not as great for clove cigarettes compared...willing to carry cloves simply because there...
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Clove trade
Magazine article from: Indonesian Commercial Newsletter; 12/6/1993; 700+ words
; As in the case of tobacco, clove consumption for clove cigarettes accounts for most of the total clove consumption in the country. Since 1991, clove trading in the country has been controlled by the Government in cooperation with a private consortium...
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PROS AND CONS ABOUT CLOVES TRADING MECHANISM.
Magazine article from: Indonesian Commercial Newsletter; 1/12/1998; 700+ words
; The cloves trading mechanism, which the Government...apparent in a workshop on `Consolidating the Cloves Trading. Mechanism as Part of the Attempt...Era or Globalization held by the National Cloves Body (BCN) in Jakarta on 17 December...
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Clove cupcakes.(Recipe)
Magazine article from: Faces: People, Places, and Cultures; 5/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; ...many languages. For example, the French word for nail is clou--very close to "clove"-and a clove is clou de girofle, "nail of the clove tree." Cloves are not really nails, of course. They are the dried, unopened flower buds of the...
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Health benefits of cloves.
News Wire article from: PPI - Pakistan Press International; 10/21/2008; 700+ words
; ...characteristic smell of clove oil helps removing...antiseptic properties, cloves are useful for wound...skin. Skin Care: Cloves are often recommended...patients. Stress: Clove oil is aphrodisiac...flatulence. Hence, clove one of the important...dishes. Nausea: Cloves are helpful in ...
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Roundup: Pemba clove business in crossroads
News Wire article from: Xinhua News Agency; 1/10/2004; 700+ words
; Roundup: Pemba clove business in crossroads by Shi Peng PEMBA...mainland in India Ocean, is famous for the clove both with her sister island of Zanzibar...dramatic falling down on the world market, clove business in Pemba went into crossroads...
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PROSPECTS OF INDONESIAN CIGARETTE INDUSTRY: Clove trade controlled
Magazine article from: Indonesian Commercial Newsletter; 10/28/1991; 700+ words
; Another government policy which has seriously affected clove cigarette manufacturing is related to the supply of clove, one of the chief raw materials of clove cigarettes, besides tobacco. The previously free clove trade has been...
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1. Clove trade is regulated following price fall. (Trade).(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Indonesian Commercial Newsletter; 7/23/2002; 700+ words
; The clove price that took a nose-dive from Rp 85...government, therefore, decide to regulate clove trade allowing consumers (cigarette producers...Bentoel which said the policy to regulate clove trade will not benefit the farmers as in...
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clove
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...for culinary purposes. Clove oil, obtained by distillation...The spicy fragrance of cloves was used by the Chinese...then the Dutch held the clove trade in monopoly, eliminating...late 18th cent. Today cloves are products also of...Madagascar and Zanzibar. Clove is classified in the...
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clove hitch
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea
clove hitch, a bend formed by two half hitches, the second reversed so that the standing part is between the hitches. It is used at...
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Ternatan/Tidorese
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Cultures
...monopoly on the purchase of cloves, but later on in the seventeenth...restricted the cultivation of cloves to Ambon (central Moluccas...Tidore, the cultivation of cloves became strictly forbidden...for the loss of revenues from clove production and allied trade...
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Zanzibar
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...plantains, citrus fruit, cloves (also on Pemba), coconuts...s few manufactures include clove oil and woven goods. Artisans...the principal exports are cloves and copra. History Early History...also obligated to work on the clove plantations. Said controlled...
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Brazil
Encyclopedia entry from: Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of Foods and Recipes of the World
...fruits, spices (such as cinnamon and cloves), and sugar to make sweet treats, such...yolks 1 Tablespoon lemon juice 4 whole cloves Procedure Place the milk in a large saucepan...wire whisk after each addition. Add the cloves and the lemon juice. Cook over medium...
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