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War of the Pacific

War of the Pacific 1879-84, war between Chile and the allied nations, Peru and Bolivia; also called the Chile-Peruvian War. The trouble began when President Hilarión Daza of Bolivia rescinded (Feb., 1879) the contract that had given a Chilean company the right to exploit nitrate deposits in Atacama, a province of Bolivia. In reprisal Chile took the port of Antofagasta, and two weeks later war was formally acknowledged. Peru, bound since 1873 by a defensive alliance to Bolivia, refused to promise to remain neutral, and Chile declared war on Peru. At the end of 1879, Chile had not only won Atacama and the Peruvian province of Tarapacá, but by the capture of Huáscar, a Peruvian ironclad warship, had gained control of the sea. Although the presidents of Peru and Bolivia, Mariano Ignacio Prado and Hilarión Daza, respectively, were replaced by other leaders, no change occurred in the war; by coordinated sea and land attacks the Chilean conquest continued. During 1880, Chilean forces took Tacna and Arica and, after an invasion by sea and the victories of Chorillos and Miraflores (Jan., 1881), made a triumphal entry into Lima. Although the Peruvian leader Andrés Avelino Cáceres , aided by Miguel Iglesias , gallantly fought a guerrilla campaign, Peru and Bolivia were thoroughly vanquished. The Treaty of Ancón (Oct., 1883) restored peace between Peru and Chile; a truce at Valparaíso (Apr., 1884) was signed between Bolivia and Chile, but a definitive treaty was not agreed upon until 1904. Chile acquired Atacama, Bolivia's only coastal territory, now called Antofagasta. Peru also had to cede Tarapacá to Chile and surrendered control of the provinces of Tacna and Arica, their disposition to be decided by plebiscite after 10 years. This provision led to the Tacna-Arica Controversy .

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

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	GENERAL: PERU WILL TAKE CHILE TO INTERNATIONAL COURT IN THE HAGUE IN DISPUTE OVER MARITIME BORDERS. Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 6/29/2007; 700+ words ; ...summit in Tarija, Bolivia. He said that he...sovereign right of Peru to present its case...the two countries. Bolivian ocean access supposedly...some of the losses Peru suffered after the...sections of Peru and Bolivia, cutting off Bolivia... Read more
	Bolivia and coca: law, policy, and drug control. Magazine article from: Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law; 10/1/1997; ; 700+ words ; ...cocaine in the Andean nations of Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia.(4) Since the...narcotics-control assistance to Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru.(6) While the Bolivian government...America. The Andean nations of Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia continue to lead... Read more
	BOLIVIA: SOY PRODUCERS, FEARING MARKET LOSS IN COLOMBIA AND PERU, PRESSURE GOVERNMENT FOR DEAL WITH U.S. Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 4/7/2006; 700+ words ; ...their purchases of Bolivian soy products are...market access to Peru and Colombia has...with Colombia and Peru, the Bolivian soy market, an industry...over 530 million kg. Peru is the third-largest buyer of Bolivian soy, purchasing 175... Read more
	PERU: APEX SILVER EXPANDS IN BOLIVIA AND PERU.(major expansion of exploration operations)(Brief Article) Newspaper article from: IPR Strategic Business Information Database; 1/30/2003; 93 words ; ...and 21,700 hectares of highly prospective ground in Bolivia and Peru, respectively. In Bolivia, Apex expanded its drilling at the Main Target at the prolific Pulacayo Mine in the south. In Peru, the company has completed a successful program of... Read more
	Coffee and tea production in Bolivia. (efforts to substitute coffee crops for coca crops result in higher coffee production and export) Magazine article from: Tea & Coffee Trade Journal; 1/1/1992; ; 700+ words ; ...the substitution plan, the Bolivian government has five years...indigenous populations in Bolivia and Peru is for chewing. It deadens...altitude. In September 1991, the Bolivian government announced that...Chile and a little from Peru. Tea too, is grown in Bolivia all for internal ... Read more
	Chile and Peru are gatekeepers for Bolivia's export ambitions.(political disputes inhibit development of gas industry in Bolivia)(Brief Article) Magazine article from: America's Insider; 8/30/2001; 700+ words ; ...access to the sea, Chile and Peru stand in the way of Bolivian aspirations to become a...upgrade of obsolete equipment. Peru and Bolivia both say the planes are...alternative route out of Bolivia would pass through Peru. There already is a project... Read more
	Low miles, clean: Iquique, on Chile's border with Peru, has turned into a entry point for used cars and clothing.(Smuggling) Magazine article from: Latin Trade; 8/1/2004; ; 689 words ; ...cars over the border into Peru and Bolivia. Caravans of to vehicles...kilometers of border with Bolivia and 160 kilometers with Peru, most of it an inhospitable...Chilean market but also for Bolivia, Brazil, Peru and Paraguay. In 2003. Zofri... Read more
	BOLIVIA SEEKS TO NEGOTIATE FREE TRADE TREATY WITH U.S. Newspaper article from: NotiSur - South American Political and Economic Affairs; 5/20/2005; 700+ words ; ...first requires signals from Bolivia that it will handle foreign investment well. Bolivia had been an observer at negotiations...and Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, but now the government is...process. The US is requiring Bolivia to pass a Hydrocarbons Law...Bolivia locked out of AFTA ... Read more
	Divisions stymie Bolivia's progress. Newspaper article from: Market Latin America; 6/1/2005; 641 words ; On the surface, Bolivia's macroeconomic statistics tell a moderately...the rate of inflation got into double digits. Bolivia fell victim to the general global slowdown starting in 1999 when Bolivia's economy grew only 0.4 percent. Key analyses... Read more
	Country Profile: Peru. Magazine article from: New Internationalist; 4/1/2002; ; 700+ words ; ...foul play in 2000, citizens took to the streets en masse. Peru's civil society had been reborn. Scant months later a series...closely watched by the same forces that swept him to power -- Peru's newly awakened civil society and emergent free press...resource extraction the centrepiece of his economic plan. ... Read more

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	Pacific War Council Book article from: The Oxford Companion to World War II Pacific War Council, two advisory committees formed in London and Washington in February...Dutch and Philippine governments-in-exile , had a say in the conduct of the Pacific war . Other members were Canada, the UK, and the USA. Though Australia in particular... Read more

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